12404nam a2200625 i 4500 almafu_9961294337402883 DE-602 20210906112358.0 m|||||o||d|||||||| cr|||||||||||| 200804s2022||||enk o ||1 0|eng|d 9781108976480 1108976484 9781108974073 1108974074 (CKB)5590000000549261 (UkCbUP)CR9781108974073 (PPN)257374108 (MiAaPQ)EBC31853510 (Au-PeEL)EBL31853510 (EXLCZ)995590000000549261 UkCbUP eng rda UkCbUP DE-188;9961294337402883 QA76.76.T48 B54 2022 005.14 23 COM051230 bisacsh DE-188;9961294337402883 almafu_9961294337402883 Bierig, Ralf, 1976- author. Essentials of software testing / Ralf Bierig, Maynooth University, Stephen Brown, Maynooth University, Edgar Galván, Maynooth University, Joe Timoney, Maynooth University. First edition. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2022. 1 online resource (xiii, 304 pages) : digital, PDF file(s). text txt rdacontent computer c rdamedia online resource cr rdacarrier Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 19 Aug 2021). Includes bibliographical references and index. Cover -- Half-title -- Title page -- Copyright information -- Contents -- Preface -- Epigraph -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Introduction to Software Testing -- 1.1 The Software Industry -- 1.1.1 Software Testing and Quality -- 1.1.2 Software Testing and Risk Management -- 1.2 Mistakes, Faults, and Failures -- 1.2.1 Mistakes -- 1.2.2 Software Faults -- 1.2.3 Software Failures -- 1.2.4 Need for Testing -- 1.3 The Role of Specifications -- 1.4 Manual Test Example -- 1.5 The Theory of Software Testing -- 1.6 Exhaustive Testing -- 1.6.1 Exhaustive Test Data -- 1.6.2 Feasibility of Exhaustive Testing -- 1.7 Test Heuristics -- 1.7.1 Random Testing -- 1.7.2 Black-Box and White-Box Testing -- 1.7.3 Experience-Based Testing -- 1.7.4 Fault Insertion -- 1.8 When to Finish Testing -- 1.9 Static and Dynamic Testing -- 1.9.1 Review-Based Techniques -- 1.9.2 Program Proving -- 1.10 Testing in the Software Development Process -- 1.11 Software Testing Activities -- 1.11.1 Analysis -- 1.11.2 Test Coverage Items -- 1.11.3 Test Cases -- 1.11.4 Test Design Verification -- 1.11.5 Test Implementation -- 1.12 Test Artefacts -- 1.13 Fault Models -- 1.14 Using this Book -- 1.14.1 Book Structure -- 1.14.2 Order of Testing -- 1.14.3 Documenting Test Design -- 1.14.4 The Programming Language -- 1.14.5 Level of Detail -- 1.14.6 Examples -- 1.14.7 Software Test Tools -- 1.15 Notes on Terminology -- 2 Equivalence Partitions -- 2.1 Testing with Equivalence Partitions -- 2.2 Example -- 2.2.1 Analysis: Identifying the Equivalence Partitions -- 2.2.2 Test Coverage Items -- 2.2.3 Test Cases -- 2.2.4 Verification of the Test Cases -- 2.3 Test Implementation and Results -- 2.3.1 Manual Test Output -- 2.3.2 Automated Test Implementation -- 2.3.3 Test Results -- 2.4 Equivalence Partitions in More Detail -- 2.4.1 Fault Model -- 2.4.2 Description. 2.4.3 Analysis: Identifying Equivalence Partitions -- 2.4.4 Test Coverage Items -- 2.4.5 Test Cases -- 2.4.6 Pitfalls -- 2.5 Evaluation -- 2.5.1 Limitations -- 2.5.2 Strengths and Weaknesses -- 2.6 Key Points -- 2.7 Notes for Experienced Testers -- 3 Boundary Value Analysis -- 3.1 Testing with Boundary Value Analysis -- 3.2 Example -- 3.2.1 Analysis: Identifying the Boundary Values -- 3.2.2 Test Coverage Items -- 3.2.3 Test Cases -- 3.2.4 Verification of the Test Cases -- 3.3 Test Implementation and Results -- 3.3.1 Implementation -- 3.3.2 Test Results -- 3.4 Boundary Value Analysis in More Detail -- 3.4.1 Fault Model -- 3.4.2 Description -- 3.4.3 Analysis: Identifying Boundary Values -- 3.4.4 Test Coverage Items -- 3.4.5 Test Cases -- 3.4.6 Pitfalls -- 3.5 Evaluation -- 3.5.1 Limitations -- 3.5.2 Strengths and Weaknesses -- 3.6 Key Points -- 3.7 Notes for Experienced Testers -- 4 Decision Table Testing -- 4.1 Testing Combinations with Decision Tables -- 4.2 Example -- 4.2.1 Analysis -- 4.2.2 Test Coverage Items -- 4.2.3 Test Cases -- 4.2.4 Verification of the Test Cases -- 4.3 Test Implementation and Results -- 4.3.1 Implementation -- 4.3.2 Test Results -- 4.4 A More Detailed Look at Testing with Decision Tables -- 4.4.1 Fault Model -- 4.4.2 Description -- 4.4.3 Analysis: Developing Decision Tables -- 4.4.4 Test Coverage Items -- 4.4.5 Test Cases -- 4.4.6 Pitfalls -- 4.5 Evaluation -- 4.5.1 Limitations -- 4.5.2 Strengths and Weaknesses -- 4.6 Key Points -- 4.7 Notes for Experienced Testers -- 5 Statement Coverage -- 5.1 Introduction to White-Box Testing -- 5.2 Testing with Statement Coverage -- 5.2.1 Statement Coverage Measurement -- 5.3 Example -- 5.3.1 Analysis: Identifying Unexecuted Statements -- 5.3.2 Test Coverage Items -- 5.3.3 Test Cases -- 5.3.4 Verification of the Test Cases -- 5.4 Test Implementation and Results -- 5.4.1 Implementation. 5.4.2 Test Results -- 5.5 Statement Coverage Testing in More Detail -- 5.5.1 Fault Model -- 5.5.2 Description -- 5.5.3 Analysis: Identifying Unexecuted Statements -- 5.5.4 Test Coverage Items -- 5.5.5 Test Cases -- 5.6 Evaluation -- 5.6.1 Limitations -- 5.6.2 Strengths and Weaknesses -- 5.7 Key Points -- 5.8 Notes for Experienced Testers -- 6 Branch Coverage -- 6.1 Testing with Branch Coverage -- 6.1.1 Branch Coverage Measurement -- 6.2 Example -- 6.2.1 Analysis: Identifying Untaken Branches -- 6.2.2 Test Coverage Items -- 6.2.3 Test Cases -- 6.2.4 Verification of the Test Cases -- 6.3 Test Implementation and Results -- 6.3.1 Implementation -- 6.3.2 Test Results -- 6.4 Branch Coverage in More Detail -- 6.4.1 Fault Model -- 6.4.2 Description -- 6.4.3 Goal -- 6.4.4 Analysis: Identifying Untaken Branches -- 6.4.5 Test Coverage Item -- 6.4.6 Test Cases -- 6.5 Evaluation -- 6.5.1 Limitations -- 6.5.2 Strengths and Weaknesses -- 6.6 Key Points -- 6.7 Notes for Experienced Testers -- 7 All Paths Coverage -- 7.1 Testing with All Paths Coverage -- 7.2 Example -- 7.2.1 Code Analysis -- 7.2.2 Test Coverage Items -- 7.2.3 Test Cases -- 7.2.4 Verification of the Test Cases -- 7.3 Test Implementation and Results -- 7.3.1 Implementation -- 7.3.2 Test Results -- 7.4 All Paths Coverage Testing in More Detail -- 7.4.1 Fault Model -- 7.4.2 Description -- 7.4.3 Analysis: Developing Control-Flow Graphs -- 7.4.4 Analysis: Identifying End-to-End Paths -- 7.4.5 The Possible Paths in Fault 6 -- 7.4.6 Test Coverage Items -- 7.4.7 Test Cases -- 7.5 Evaluation -- 7.5.1 Limitations -- 7.5.2 Strengths and Weaknesses -- 7.6 Key Points -- 7.7 Notes for the Experienced Tester -- 8 Black-Box and White-Box Testing -- 8.1 Comparison of Black-Box and White-Box Testing -- 8.1.1 Black-Box Testing -- 8.1.2 White-Box Testing -- 8.1.3 Errors of Omission and Commission -- 8.1.4 Usage. 8.2 Black-Box Testing: Additional Matters -- 8.2.1 Strings and Arrays -- 8.2.2 Discontinuous Input Partitions -- 8.2.3 Overlapping Output Partitions -- 8.2.4 In-band Error Reporting -- 8.2.5 Handling Relative Values -- 8.2.6 Classic Triangle Problem -- 8.2.7 Testing Sequences of Inputs/State-Based Testing -- 8.2.8 Floating Point Numbers -- 8.2.9 Numeric Processing -- 8.3 White-Box Testing: Some More Techniques -- 8.3.1 Dataflow Coverage/Definition-Use Pairs -- 8.3.2 Condition Coverage -- 8.3.3 Decision Coverage -- 8.3.4 Decision Condition Coverage -- 8.3.5 Multiple Condition Coverage -- 8.3.6 Modified Condition/Decision Coverage -- 8.3.7 Test Ranking -- 8.4 Repair-Based Testing -- 8.4.1 Specific Repair Test -- 8.4.2 Generic Repair Test -- 8.4.3 Abstracted Repair Test -- 8.4.4 Example -- 8.4.5 Using Repair-Based Tests -- 9 Testing Object-Oriented Software -- 9.1 Testing in Class Context -- 9.2 Example -- 9.2.1 Analysis -- 9.2.2 Deciding on Which Methods to Test -- 9.2.3 Selecting a Test Technique -- 9.2.4 Test Coverage Items -- 9.2.5 Test Cases -- 9.2.6 Verification of the Test Cases -- 9.3 Test Implementation and Results -- 9.3.1 Test Implementation -- 9.3.2 Test Results -- 9.4 A More Detailed Look at Testing Object-Oriented Software -- 9.4.1 Object-Oriented Programming -- 9.4.2 Testing Object-Oriented Software -- 9.4.3 Fault Models -- 9.4.4 Testing in Class Context -- 9.4.5 Analysis for OO Testing -- 9.4.6 Test Coverage Items -- 9.4.7 Test Cases -- 9.4.8 Test Implementation -- 9.4.9 Overview of Advanced OO Testing -- 9.4.10 Inheritance Testing -- 9.4.11 State-Based Testing -- 9.4.12 UML-Based Testing -- 9.4.13 Built-In Testing -- 9.5 Evaluation -- 9.5.1 Limitations -- 9.5.2 Simple Typo Fault -- 9.5.3 State-Based Fault -- 9.5.4 Inheritance Fault -- 9.5.5 Strengths and Weaknesses -- 9.6 Key Points -- 9.7 Notes for Experienced Testers. 10 Application Testing -- 10.1 Testing Web Applications with User Stories -- 10.2 Example -- 10.2.1 Analysis -- 10.2.2 Test Coverage Items -- 10.2.3 Test Cases -- 10.2.4 Verification of the Test Cases -- 10.3 Test Implementation and Results -- 10.3.1 Implementation -- 10.3.2 Test Results -- 10.4 Application Testing in More Detail -- 10.4.1 System Test Model -- 10.4.2 Application Test Model -- 10.4.3 System Testing and Integration Testing -- 10.4.4 Fault Models for Application Testing -- 10.4.5 Analysis -- 10.4.6 Test Coverage Items -- 10.4.7 Test Cases -- 10.4.8 Implementation -- 10.4.9 Interacting with HTML Elements -- 10.4.10 Test Output Messages -- 10.4.11 Record and Playback Testing -- 10.5 Evaluation -- 10.5.1 Limitations -- 10.5.2 Strengths and Weaknesses -- 10.6 Key Points -- 10.7 Key Differences between Unit Testing and Application Testing -- 10.8 Notes for Experienced Testers -- 11 Test Automation -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.1.1 Interpreting Test Results -- 11.1.2 Documenting Automated Tests -- 11.1.3 Software Test Automation and Version Control -- 11.2 Test Frameworks: TestNG -- 11.2.1 A Detailed Look at a TestNG Example -- 11.3 Organising Automated Test Code -- 11.3.1 Organising TestNG Tests with an XML File -- 11.4 Setup and Cleanup Methods -- 11.5 Inline Tests vs Parameterised Tests -- 11.6 Test Coverage Measurement -- 11.7 Timeouts -- 11.8 Exceptions -- 11.9 Inheritance Testing -- 11.9.1 Using the Class Name -- 11.9.2 Inheriting Superclass Tests -- 11.9.3 Inheritance Test Selection -- 11.10 Interfacing to Web Applications -- 11.11 Interfacing to Desktop Applications -- 11.12 Interfacing to Mobile Applications -- 12 Random Testing -- 12.1 Introduction to Random Testing -- 12.2 Random Data Selection -- 12.3 Unit Test Example -- 12.3.1 Test Coverage Items -- 12.3.2 Test Cases -- 12.3.3 Test Implementation -- 12.3.4 Test Results. 12.4 Application Testing Example. Software testing can be regarded as an art, a craft, and a science. The practical, step-by-step approach presented in this book provides a bridge between these different viewpoints. A single worked example runs throughout, with consistent use of test automation. Each testing technique is introduced in the context of this example, helping students see its strengths and weaknesses. The technique is then explained in more detail, providing a deeper understanding of underlying principles. Finally the limitations of each technique are demonstrated by inserting faults, giving learners concrete examples of when each technique succeeds or fails in finding faults. Coverage includes black-box testing, white-box testing, random testing, unit testing, object-oriented testing, and application testing. The authors also emphasise the process of applying the techniques, covering the steps of analysis, test design, test implementation, and interpretation of results. The book's web site has programming exercises and Java source code for all examples. Computer software Testing. Brown, Stephen C. (Stephen Charles), 1961- author. Galván, Edgar, 1977- author. Timoney, Joseph, author. ISBN 9781108833349 ISBN 1108833349 BOOK cr 9961294337402883 DE-188 KOBV c false