1.2 10 1.2 1 10 mods info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.5 xml 1For VTU.Mathur, Aditya P.texttextbookxxNoida :Pearson India,2010.©2004.20101st ed.single uniteng

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Foundations of Software Testing presents sound engineering approaches for software test generation, selection, minimization, assessment, and enhancement. Using numerous examples, it offers a lucid description of a wide range of techniques for a variety of testing-related tasks. Students, practitioners and researchers will find this book an excellent source of simple-to-advanced techniques to use and improve their knowledge of the expertise in software testing.Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part I: Preliminaries -- Chapter 1: Basics of Software Testing -- 1.1.Humans, Errors, and Testing -- 1.1.1. Errors, faults, and failures -- 1.1.2. Test automation -- 1.1.3. Developer and tester as two roles -- 1.2 Software Quality -- 1.2.1. Quality attributes -- 1.2.2. Reliability -- 1.3 Requirements, Behavior, and Correctness -- 1.3.1. Input domain and program correctness -- 1.3.2. Valid and invalid inputs -- 1.4 Correctness Versus Reliability -- 1.4.1. Correctness -- 1.4.2. Reliability -- 1.4.3. Program use and the operational profile -- 1.5 Testing and Debugging -- 1.5.1. Preparing a test plan -- 1.5.2. Constructing test data -- 1.5.3. Executing the program -- 1.5.4. Specifying program behavior -- 1.5.5. Assessing the correctness of program behavior -- 1.5.6. Construction of oracles -- 1.6 Test Metrics -- 1.6.1. Organizational metrics -- 1.6.2. Project metrics -- 1.6.3. Process metrics -- 1.6.4. Product metrics: Generic -- 1.6.5. Product metrics: OO software -- 1.6.6. Progress monitoring and trends -- 1.6.7. Static and dynamic metrics -- 1.6.8. Testability -- 1.7 Software and Hardware Testing -- 1.8 Testing and Verification -- 1.9 Defect Management -- 1.10 Execution History -- 1.11 Test-Generation Strategies -- 1.12 Static Testing -- 1.12.1. Walkthroughs -- 1.12.2. Inspections -- 1.12.3. Use of static code analysis tools in static testing -- 1.12.4. Software complexity and static testing -- 1.13 Model-Based Testing and Model Checking -- 1.14 Control-Flow Graph -- 1.14.1. Basic block -- 1.14.2. Flow graph: Definition and pictorial representation -- 1.14.3. Path -- 1.15 Dominators and Postdominators -- 1.16 Program-Dependence Graph -- 1.16.1. Data dependence -- 1.16.2. Control dependence -- 1.17 Strings, Languages, and Regular Expressions -- 1.18 Types of Testing.1.18.1. Classifier C1: Source of test generation -- 1.18.2. Classifier C2: Life cycle phase -- 1.18.3. Classifier C3: Goal-directed testing -- 1.18.4. Classifier C4: Artifact under test -- 1.18.5. Classifier C5: Test process models -- 1.19 The Saturation Effect -- 1.19.1. Confidence and true reliability -- 1.19.2. Saturation region -- 1.19.3. False sense of confidence -- 1.19.4. Reducing Δ -- 1.19.5. Impact on test process -- Summary -- Bibliographic Notes -- Exercises -- Part II: Test Generation -- Chapter 2: Test Generation from Requirements -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Test-Selection Problem -- 2.3 Equivalence Partitioning -- 2.3.1. Faults targeted -- 2.3.2. Relations and equivalence partitioning -- 2.3.3. Equivalence classes for variables -- 2.3.4. Unidimensional versus multidimensional partitioning -- 2.3.5. A systematic procedure for equivalence partitioning -- 2.3.6. Test selection based on equivalence classes -- 2.3.7. GUI design and equivalence classes -- 2.4 Boundary-Value Analysis -- 2.5 Category-Partition Method -- 2.5.1 Steps in the category-partition method -- 2.6 Cause-Effect Graphing -- 2.6.1. Notation used in cause-effect graphing -- 2.6.2. Creating cause-effect graphs -- 2.6.3. Decision table from cause-effect graph -- 2.6.4. Heuristics to avoid combinatorial explosion -- 2.6.5. Test generation from a decision table -- 2.7 Test Generation from Predicates -- 2.7.1. Predicates and boolean expressions -- 2.7.2. Fault model for predicate testing -- 2.7.2.1 Missing or Extra Boolean Variable Faults -- 2.7.3. Predicate constraints -- 2.7.4. Predicate-testing criteria -- 2.7.5. Generating BOR-, BRO-, and BRE-adequate tests -- 2.7.5 Generating the BOR-constraint set -- Generating the BRO-constraint set -- 2.7.5.3 Generating the BRE-constraint set -- 2.7.5.4 Generating BOR Constraints for Nonsingular Expressions.2.7.6 Cause-effect Graphs and Predicate Testing -- 2.7.7 Fault Propagation -- 2.7.8 Predicate Testing in Practice -- 2.7.8.1 Specification-based Predicate Test Generation -- 2.7.8.2 Program-based Predicate Test Generation -- Summary -- Bibliographic Notes -- Exercises -- Chapter 3: Test Generation from Finite-State Models -- 3.1 Software Design and Testing -- 3.2 Finite-state Machines -- 3.2.1. Excitation using an input sequence -- 3.2.2. Tabular representation -- 3.2.3. Properties of FSM -- 3.3 Conformance Testing -- 3.3.1. Reset inputs -- 3.3.2. The testing problem -- 3.4 A Fault Model -- 3.4.1. Mutants of FSMs -- 3.4.2. Fault coverage -- 3.5 Characterization Set -- 3.5.1. Construction of the k-equivalence partitions -- 3.5.2. Deriving the characterization set -- 3.5.3. Identification sets -- 3.6 The W-method -- 3.6.1. Assumptions -- 3.6.2. Maximum number of states -- 3.6.3. Computation of the transition cover set -- 3.6.4. Constructing Z -- 3.6.5. Deriving a test set -- 3.6.6. Testing using the W-method -- 3.6.7. The error-detection process -- 3.7 The Partial W-method -- 3.7.1. Testing using the Wp-method for m = n -- 3.7.2. Testing using the Wp-method for m > n -- 3.8 The UIO-sequence Method -- 3.8.1. Assumptions -- 3.8.2. UIO sequences -- 3.8.3. Core and noncore behavior -- 3.8.4. Generation of UIO sequences -- 3.8.4.1 Explanation of gen-UIO -- 3.8.5. Distinguishing signatures -- 3.8.6. Test generation -- 3.8.7. Test optimization -- 3.8.8. Fault detection -- 3.9 Automata Theoretic Versuscontrol-flow-based Techniques -- 3.9.1. n-switch-cover -- 3.9.2. Comparing automata-theoretic methods -- Summary -- Bibliographic Notes -- Exercises -- Chapter 4: Test Generation from Combinatorial Designs -- 4.1 Combinatorial Designs -- 4.1.1. Test configuration and test set -- 4.1.2. Modeling the input and configuration spaces.4.2 A Combinatorial Test-Design Process -- 4.3 Fault Model -- 4.3.1. Fault vectors -- 4.4 Latin Squares -- 4.5 Mutually Orthogonal Latin Squares -- 4.6 Pairwise Design: Binary Factors -- 4.7 Pairwise Design: Multivalued Factors -- 4.7.1. Shortcomings of using MOLS for test design -- 4.8 Orthogonal Arrays -- 4.8.1. Mixed-level orthogonal arrays -- 4.9 Covering and Mixed-Level Covering Arrays -- 4.9.1. Covering arrays -- 4.9.2. Mixed-level covering arrays -- 4.10 Arrays Of Strength >2 -- 4.11 Generating Covering Arrays -- Summary -- Bibliographic Notes -- Exercises -- Chapter 5: Test Selection, Minimization, and Prioritization for Regression Testing -- 5.1 What is Regression Testing? -- 5.2 Regression-Test Process -- 5.2.1. Test revalidation, selection, minimization, and prioritization -- 5.2.2. Test setup -- 5.2.3. Test sequencing -- 5.2.4. Test execution -- 5.2.5. Output comparison -- 5.3 RTS: The Problem -- 5.4 Selecting Regression Tests -- 5.4.1. Test all -- 5.4.2. Random selection -- 5.4.3. Selecting modification-traversing tests -- 5.4.4. Test minimization -- 5.4.5. Test prioritization -- 5.5 Test Selection Using Execution Trace -- 5.5.1. Obtaining the execution trace -- 5.5.2. Selecting regression tests -- 5.5.3. Handling function calls -- 5.5.4. Handling changes in declarations -- 5.6 Test Selection Using Dynamic Slicing -- 5.6.1. Dynamic slicing -- 5.6.2. Computation of dynamic slices -- 5.6.3. Selecting tests -- 5.6.4. Potential dependence -- 5.6.5. Computing the relevant slice -- 5.6.6. Addition and deletion of statements -- 5.6.7. Identifying variables for slicing -- 5.6.8. Reduced dynamic-dependence graph -- 5.7 Scalability of Test-Selection Algorithms -- 5.8 Test Minimization -- 5.8.1. The set-cover problem -- 5.8.2. A procedure for test minimization -- 5.9 Test Prioritization -- 5.10 Tools For Regression Testing -- Summary.Bibliographic Notes -- Exercises -- Part III: Test Adequacy Assessment and Enhancement -- Chapter 6: Test-Adequacy Assessment Using Control Flow and Data Flow -- 6.1 Test Adequacy: Basics -- 6.1.1. What is test adequacy? -- 6.1.2. Measurement of test adequacy -- 6.1.3. Test enhancement using measurements of adequacy -- 6.1.4. Infeasibility and test adequacy -- 6.1.5. Error detection and test enhancement -- 6.1.6. Single and multiple executions -- 6.2 Adequacy Criteria Based on Control Flow -- 6.2.1. Statement and block coverage -- 6.2.2. Conditions and decisions -- 6.2.3. Decision coverage -- 6.2.4. Condition coverage -- 6.2.5. Condition/decision coverage -- 6.2.6. Multiple condition coverage -- 6.2.7. Linear code sequence and jump (LCSAJ) coverage -- 6.2.8. Modified condition/decision coverage -- 6.2.9. MC/DC-adequate tests for compound conditions -- 6.2.10. Definition of MC/DC coverage -- 6.2.11. Minimal MC/DC tests -- 6.2.12. Error detection and MC/DC adequacy -- 6.2.13. Short-circuit evaluation and infeasibility -- 6.2.14. Tracing test cases to requirements -- 6.3 Data-Flow Concepts -- 6.3.1. Definitions and uses -- 6.3.2. c-use and p-use -- 6.3.3. Global and local definitions and uses -- 6.3.4. Data-flow graph -- 6.3.5. Def-clear paths -- 6.3.6. Def-use pairs -- 6.3.7. Def-use chains -- 6.3.8. A little optimization -- 6.3.9. Data contexts and ordered data contexts -- 6.4 Adequacy Criteria Based on Data Flow -- 6.4.1. c-use coverage -- 6.4.2. p-use coverage -- 6.4.3. all-uses coverage -- 6.4.4. k-dr chain coverage -- 6.4.5. Using the k-dr chain coverage -- 6.4.6. Infeasible c-uses and p-uses -- 6.4.7. Context coverage -- 6.5 Control Flow Versus Data Flow -- 6.6 The Subsumes Relation -- 6.7 Structural and Functional Testing -- 6.8 Scalability of Coverage Measurement -- Summary -- Bibliographic Notes -- Exercises.Chapter 7: Test-Adequacy Assessment Using Program Mutation.Computer softwareTesting.QA76.76.T48005.1/4ISBN 1-299-48672-X93-325-0995-68428423411434255816rdaMiAaPQ21090120230725015213.0almatuudk_9923197423202884Converted from MARCXML to MODS version 3.6 using MARC21slim2MODS3-6.xsl (Revision 1.119 2018/06/21)eng info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.5 xml 2Li, Xia,1871-1938,author.textbibliographytextenkLangford Lane, Kidlington, England :Academic Press,[2023]©202320231st ed.single uniteng

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Cases in Laboratory Genetics and Genomics (LGG) Practice instructs readers in the lab-based diagnosis of genetic conditions, including inborn and acquired disorders using cytogenetics and molecular genetics technologies.Intro -- Cases in Laboratory Genetics and Genomics (LGG) Practice -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Contributors -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part I: Inborn diseases -- Chapter 1: Multiple congenital anomalies and developmental delay -- Background -- Case 1.1 Multiple congenital anomalies caused by an unbalanced translocation -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Case 1.2 Recombinant chromosome 8 syndrome -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Case 1.3 Multiple congenital anomalies caused by an unbalanced translocation and a deletion -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Case 1.4 Diamond-Blackfan anemia -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Summary of key learning points -- References -- Chapter 2: Molar pregnancy -- Background -- Case 2.1 Complete mole -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendation -- Case 2.2 Partial mole -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Summary of key learning points -- References -- Chapter 3: Sex chromosomal abnormalities -- Background -- Case 3.1 Female with 45,X/46,XY mosaicism -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations.Future testing and recommendations -- Case 3.2 Sex reversal -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Case 3.3 Variant turner syndrome -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Case 3.4 Indeterminate sex with an abnormal Y chromosome -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Test results -- Results with interpretation -- Future testing and recommendations -- Case 3.5 Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Case 3.6 Klinefelter syndrome variant (48,XXYY syndrome) -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Summary of key learning points -- References -- Chapter 4: Consanguinity -- Background -- Case 4.1 Multiple congenital anomalies due to family history of consanguinity -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Case 4.2 Multiple developmental disorders due to consanguinity and Charcot-Marie-tooth disease type 1A -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Summary of key learning points -- References -- Chapter 5: Uniparental disomy and imprinting disorders -- Background -- Case 5.1 Prader-Willi syndrome -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations.Future testing and recommendation -- Case 5.2 Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Case 5.3 Angelman syndrome -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Case 5.4 Gaucher disease -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Case 5.5 Uniparental disomy 7 -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Summary of key learning points -- References -- Chapter 6: Pallister-Killian syndrome -- Background -- Case 6.1 Pallister-Killian syndrome -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Case 6.2 Pallister-Killian syndrome -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendation -- Summary of key learning points -- References -- Chapter 7: Fragile X syndrome -- Background -- Case 7.1 Fragile X syndrome in a male with a full mutation -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Case 7.2 Fragile X syndrome in a female with a full mutation -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Summary of key learning points -- References -- Chapter 8: Overgrowth syndrome.Background -- Case 8.1 Sotos syndrome -- Clinical indication -- Tests ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Case 8.2 Somatic overgrowth syndrome with PIK3CA mutation -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Summary of key learning points -- References -- Chapter 9: Contiguous gene syndrome -- Background -- Case 9.1 Haploinsufficiency of A20 (HA20) with 3.4Mb deletion -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendation -- Case 9.2 Haploinsufficiency of A20 (HA20) with 11.7Mb deletion -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendation -- Case 9.3 Contiguous gene syndrome with duplication of 22q11.2q12.1 -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendation -- Case 9.4 Contiguous gene syndrome with duplication of 6q16.1q23.3 -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendation -- Case 9.5 DiGeorge/Velo-cardio-facial (VCF) syndrome (22q11.2 deletion syndrome) -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing recommendation -- Case 9.6 Contiguous gene syndrome with a deletion of 1q43q44 -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing recommendation -- Summary of key learning points.References -- Chapter 10: Thrombosis -- Background -- Case 10.1 Deep vein thrombosis -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Summary of key learning points -- References -- Chapter 11: Pharmacogenomics -- Background -- Case 11.1 Overdose acetaminophen (APAP) -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendation -- Summary of key learning points -- References -- Part II: Hematologic malignancies -- Chapter 12: Chronic myeloid leukemia -- Background -- Case 12.1 Chronic myeloid Leukemia (CML) with t(1 -- 9 -- 22 -- 15)(p32 -- q34 -- q11.2 -- q25) -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Case 12.2 Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with t(9 -- 22 -- 17)(q34 -- q11.2 -- q24) -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Case 12.3 Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with t(9 -- 22)(q34 -- q11.2)inv(22) -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Case 12.4 Chronic myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia with t(9 -- 22)(q34 -- q11.2) -- Clinical indication -- Test ordered -- Laboratory test performed -- Test results -- Results with interpretations -- Future testing and recommendations -- Summary of key learning points -- References -- Chapter 13: Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and tyrosine kinase gene fusions -- Background -- Case 13.1 Myeloid/lymphoid neoplasm (MLN) with FGFR1 rearrangement.Clinical indication.Xia Li.Includes bibliographical references and index.Diagnosis, LaboratoryCase studies.Genetic disordersDiagnosisCase studies.Genetic Testing.Genetic Diseases, Inborndiagnosis.RB37.5 .L5 2023616.042Li, XiaSan Diego : Elsevier Science & Technology,c2023ISBN 97803239962289780323996235032399623X1381711348rdaMiAaPQ23070920250416110202.0almahu_9949983747202882Converted from MARCXML to MODS version 3.6 using MARC21slim2MODS3-6.xsl (Revision 1.119 2018/06/21)eng info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.5 xml 3Homès, Bernard.texttextbookxxNewark :John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated,2024.©2024.20242nd ed.single uniteng

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Software testing has greatly evolved since the first edition of this book in 2011. Testers are now required to work in "agile" teams and focus on automating test cases. It has thus been necessary to update this work, in order to provide fundamental knowledge that testers should have to be effective and efficient in today's world. This book describes the fundamental aspects of testing in the different lifecycles, and how to implement and benefit from reviews and static analysis. Multiple other techniques are approached, such as equivalence partitioning, boundary value analysis, use case testing, decision tables and state transitions. This second edition also covers test management, test progress monitoring and incident management, in order to ensure that the testing information is correctly provided to the stakeholders. This book provides detailed course-study material for the 2023 version of the ISTQB Foundation level syllabus, including sample questions to help prepare for exams.Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Glossary -- Chapter 1. Fundamentals of Testing -- 1.1. What is testing? -- 1.1.1. Software and systems context -- 1.1.2. Causes of software defects -- 1.1.3. Role of testing in software development, maintenance and operations -- 1.1.4. Tests and quality -- 1.1.5. Terminology. -- 1.2. What is testing? -- 1.2.1. Origin of defects -- 1.2.2. Common goals of testing -- 1.2.3. Examples of objectives for testing -- 1.2.4. Test and debugging -- 1.3. Paradoxes and main principles -- 1.3.1. Testing identifies the presence of defects -- 1.3.2. Exhaustive testing is impossible -- 1.3.3. Early testing -- 1.3.4. Defect clustering -- 1.3.5. Pesticide paradox -- 1.3.6. Testing is context dependent -- 1.3.7. Absence-of-errors fallacy -- 1.4. Test activities, testware and test roles -- 1.4.1. Planning -- 1.4.2. Monitoring and control -- 1.4.3. Test analysis and design -- 1.4.4. Test implementation -- 1.4.5. Test execution -- 1.4.6. Reporting -- 1.4.7. Test completion activities -- 1.4.8. The value of traceability -- 1.4.9. Impact of context on the test process -- 1.5. Roles in testing -- 1.6. Essential skills and "good practices" in testing -- 1.6.1. Generic skills -- 1.6.2. Specific skills -- 1.6.3. Whole team approach -- 1.6.4. Independence of testing -- 1.6.5. Levels of independence -- 1.6.6. Adapt to objectives -- 1.6.7. Destructive or constructive? -- 1.6.8. People skills -- 1.6.9. Change of perspective -- 1.7. Testers and code of ethics (FL 1.6) -- 1.7.1. Public -- 1.7.2. Client and employer -- 1.7.3. Product -- 1.7.4. Judgment -- 1.7.5. Management -- 1.7.6. Profession -- 1.7.7. Colleagues -- 1.7.8. Self -- 1.8. Sample exam questions -- Chapter 2. Testing Throughout the Software Life Cycle -- 2.1. Testing through the software development life cycle -- 2.1.1. Sequential models.2.1.2. Iterative models -- 2.1.3. Incremental model -- 2.1.4. RAD -- 2.1.5. Agile models -- 2.1.6. Selection of a development model -- 2.1.7. Positioning tests -- 2.1.8. Test-first and shift-left approaches -- 2.2. Test levels and test types -- 2.2.1. Component-level testing or component tests -- 2.2.2. Integration-level testing or integration tests -- 2.2.3. System tests -- 2.2.4. Acceptance tests -- 2.2.5. Other levels -- 2.3. Types of tests -- 2.3.1. Functional tests -- 2.3.2. Nonfunctional tests -- 2.3.4. Tests associated with changes -- 2.3.5. Comparisons and examples -- 2.4. Test and maintenance -- 2.4.1. Maintenance context -- 2.4.2. Evolutive maintenance -- 2.4.3. Corrective maintenance -- 2.4.4. Retirement and replacement -- 2.4.5. Regression test policies -- 2.4.6. SLA validation and acceptance -- 2.5. Oracles -- 2.5.1. Problems with oracles -- 2.5.2. Sources of oracles -- 2.5.3. Oracle usage -- 2.6. Process improvements -- 2.6.1. Objectives -- 2.6.2. Measurements -- 2.6.3. Retrospectives and improvements -- 2.7. Specific cases -- 2.7.1. Performance tests -- 2.7.2. Maintainability tests -- 2.8. Sample exam questions -- Chapter 3. Static Testing -- 3.1. Static techniques and the test process -- 3.2. Review process -- 3.2.1. Types of reviews -- 3.2.2. Roles and responsibilities during reviews -- 3.2.3. Phases of reviews -- 3.2.4. Success factors for reviews -- 3.2.5. Comparison of the types of reviews -- 3.3. Static analysis by tools -- 3.3.1. Types of static analysis -- 3.3.2. Types of defects that can be identified -- 3.3.3. Data flow analysis -- 3.4. Added value of static activities -- 3.5. Sample exam questions -- Chapter 4. Test Design Techniques -- 4.1. The test development process -- 4.1.1. Terminology -- 4.1.2. Traceability -- 4.2. Categories of test design techniques -- 4.2.1. Black box, white box or gray box.4.2.2. Experience-based techniques -- 4.2.3. Test characteristics -- 4.2.4. Limitations and assumptions -- 4.3. Black-box techniques -- 4.3.1. Equivalence partitioning -- 4.3.2. Boundary value analysis -- 4.3.3. Decision tables -- 4.3.4. Other combinational techniques -- 4.3.5. State transition testing -- 4.3.6. Use case testing -- 4.3.7. Limitations and assumptions -- 4.4. Structure-based techniques -- 4.4.1. Statement testing and coverage -- 4.4.2. Decision testing and coverage -- 4.4.3. Other structure-based techniques -- 4.4.4. MC/DC coverage -- 4.4.5. Limitations and assumptions of structure-based testing -- 4.4.6. Coverage level and exit criteria -- 4.5. Experience-based technique -- 4.5.1. Attacks -- 4.5.2. Defect taxonomies -- 4.5.3. Error guessing and ad hoc testing -- 4.5.4. Exploratory testing -- 4.5.5. Limitations and assumptions -- 4.6. Collaboration-based test approaches -- 4.6.1. Collaborative user stories -- 4.6.2. Acceptance criteria -- 4.6.3. Acceptance test-driven development -- 4.7. Choosing test techniques -- 4.8. Sample exam questions -- Chapter 5. Test Management -- 5.1. Test organization -- 5.1.1. Independence levels -- 5.1.2. Roles and responsibilities -- 5.1.3. Human and contractual aspects -- 5.2. Test planning and estimation -- 5.2.1. Planning and evaluation activities -- 5.2.2. Test planning activities -- 5.2.3. Test documentation -- 5.2.4. Entry and exit criteria for test activities -- 5.3. Test progress monitoring and control (FL 5.3) -- 5.4. Reporting -- 5.4.1. What to report, to whom and how? -- 5.4.2. Statistics and graphs -- 5.5. Transverse processes and activities -- 5.5.1. Test data definition -- 5.5.2. Configuration management (FL 5.4) -- 5.5.3. Change management -- 5.6. Risk management (FL 5.2) -- 5.6.1. Principles of risk management -- 5.6.2. Project risks and product risks.5.6.3. Introduction to risk management -- 5.7. Defect management (FL 5.5) -- 5.7.1. Introduction to defect management -- 5.7.2. Defect identification -- 5.7.3. Actions applied to defects -- 5.7.4. Defect disposition -- 5.8. Sample exam questions -- Chapter 6. Tools Support for Testing -- 6.1. Types of test tools -- 6.1.1. Test tool classification -- 6.1.2. Tools supporting test management -- 6.1.3. Tools supporting requirement management -- 6.1.4. Tools supporting static tests -- 6.1.5. Modeling tools -- 6.1.6. Tools supporting test design and test data creation -- 6.1.7. Tools supporting test execution -- 6.1.8. Tools supporting test environment management -- 6.1.9. Tools supporting test data comparison -- 6.1.10. Tools supporting test coverage measurement -- 6.1.11. Other test supporting tools -- 6.2. Assumptions and limitations of test tools -- 6.2.1. Advantages and risks of the tools -- 6.2.2. Specific considerations for some tools -- 6.3. Selecting and introducing tools in an organization -- 6.3.1. Main principles -- 6.3.2. Tool selection process -- 6.3.3. Test tool implementation -- 6.3.4. To build or to buy test tools? -- 6.4. Sample exam questions -- Chapter 7. Mock Exam -- Chapter 8. Templates and Models -- 8.1. Master test plan -- 8.2. Test plan -- 8.2.1. Test plan as per IEEE 829-1998 -- 8.2.2. Test plan as per IEEE 829-2008 -- 8.3. Test design document -- 8.3.1. Test design specifications as per IEEE 829-1998 -- 8.3.2. Test design document as per IEEE 829-2008 -- 8.4. Test case -- 8.4.1. Test case document as per IEEE 829-1998 -- 8.4.2. Test case document as per IEEE 829-2008 -- 8.5. Test procedure -- 8.5.1. Test procedure document as per IEEE 829-1998 -- 8.5.2. Test procedure document as per IEEE 829-2008 -- 8.6. Test log -- 8.6.1. Test log as per IEEE 829-1998 -- 8.6.2. Test log as per IEEE 829-2008 -- 8.7. Defect report.8.7.1. Defect report as per IEEE 829-1998 -- 8.7.2. Defect report as per IEEE 829-2008 -- 8.8. Test report -- 8.8.1. Test report as per IEEE 829-1998 -- 8.8.2. Interim test report as per IEEE 829-2008 -- 8.8.3. Level test report as per IEEE 829-2008 -- 8.8.4. Master test report as per IEEE 829-2008 -- Chapter 9. Answers to the Questions -- 9.1. Answers to the end-of-chapter questions -- 9.2. Correct answers to the sample paper questions -- References -- Index -- Other titles from ISTE in Computer Engineering -- EULA.Computer softwareTesting.QA76.76.T48005.1ISBN 9781786309822ISBN 1786309823978139429897613942989789781394298952139429895114778197751436834467rdaMiAaPQ24060120251214173404.0almatuudk_9923118648102884Converted from MARCXML to MODS version 3.6 using MARC21slim2MODS3-6.xsl (Revision 1.119 2018/06/21)eng info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.5 xml 4a practical handbook /Rogers, Lauren,editor.textbibliographytextenkDuxford, England :Woodhead Publishing,2017.©201720172017single uniteng

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Front Cover -- Discrimination Testing in Sensory Science -- Related Titles -- Discrimination Testing in Sensory Science -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- I - Introduction to Discrimination Testing -- 1 - Introduction and History of Sensory Discrimination Testing -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 2 - Statistics for Use in Discrimination Testing -- 1. BUSINESS RISK -- 1.1 Conventional Hypothesis Testing -- 1.1.1 The p-Value -- 1.1.2 Type I and Type II Errors -- 1.1.3 The Momentary Proportion of Discriminators -- 1.1.4 Sensory Tests for Difference in Tests Without Chance Bounds -- 1.1.5 Statistical Significance Is Not Practical Significance -- 1.1.6 Sensory Tests for Equivalency or Noninferiority -- 1.2 Reframing the Hypothesis Test Using Likelihood or Bayesian Inference -- 2. DATA ARISING FROM SENSORY DISCRIMINATION TEST METHODS -- 2.1 Classification of Methods -- 2.2 Importance of Experimental Design on Analysis -- 3. ANALYSIS OF DATA ARISING FROM TESTS WITH A CHANCE BOUND (E.G., TRIANGLE TEST) -- 3.1 Unreplicated Data -- 3.2 Replicated Data -- 3.3 Statistical Power -- 4. ANALYSIS OF DATA ARISING FROM SIMPLE CLASSIFICATION TASKS WITHOUT A CHANCE BOUND (E.G., A-NOT-A TEST) -- 4.1 Unreplicated Data -- 4.2 Replicated Data -- 4.3 Statistical Power -- 5. ANALYSIS OF DATA ARISING FROM DIFFERENCE FROM CONTROL/DEGREE OF DIFFERENCE TEST METHODS -- 6. ANALYSIS OF DATA ARISING FROM A RANKING TEST METHOD -- 7. EVALUATING SENSORY EQUIVALENCY -- 7.1 Equivalence Testing for Data Arising From Tests With a Correct Response -- 7.2 Equivalence Testing for Data Arising From Tests That Do Not Have a Correct Response -- 8. CONTEXTUALIZING SENSORY DISCRIMINATION RESULTS TO MAKE BUSINESS DECISIONS -- 9. SUMMARY -- 10. RECOMMENDED READING -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES.3 - Deciding Which Test to Use in Discrimination Testing -- 1. THE OBJECTIVE/BUSINESS NEED -- 2. CONSIDERING ALL POSSIBLE TEST METHODS -- 3. GENERATING A HYPOTHESIS -- 4. THE ACTION STANDARD AND POSSIBLE OUTCOMES -- 5. ASSESSORS AND STATISTICAL POWER -- 5.1 Assessor Type -- 5.2 Assessor Numbers -- 5.3 Statistical Power -- 6. BUDGET -- 7. PRODUCT CONSIDERATIONS -- 7.1 Quantity of Sample Available -- 7.2 Carriers/Substrate-Complex Products -- 8. WHEN NOT TO USE DISCRIMINATION TESTING -- 9. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 4 - Applications and Limitations of Discrimination Testing -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CATEGORIZING DISCRIMINATION TESTS WITHIN SENSORY METHODOLOGY -- 3. APPLICATIONS OF DISCRIMINATION TESTS -- 3.1 Discrimination Testing in Quality Control -- 3.2 Discrimination Testing in Product Development -- 3.3 Other Applications (Special Cases) of Discrimination Tests -- 4. LIMITATIONS OF DISCRIMINATION TESTS -- 5. USING CONSUMERS IN DISCRIMINATION TESTS -- 6. APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS OF COMMONLY USED DISCRIMINATION TESTS -- 6.1 Triangle Test -- 6.1.1 Applications -- 6.1.2 Limitations -- 6.2 Duo-Trio Test -- 6.2.1 Applications -- 6.2.2 Limitations -- 6.3 A-not-A -- 6.3.1 Applications -- 6.3.2 Limitations -- 6.4 Two-Out-of-Five Test -- 6.4.1 Applications -- 6.4.2 Limitations -- 6.5 Paired Comparison Tests -- 6.5.1 2-AFC -- 6.5.2 Same-Different Test -- 6.5.3 Applications -- 6.5.4 Limitations -- 6.6 Tetrad -- 6.6.1 Applications -- 6.6.2 Limitations -- 6.7 Difference From Control -- 6.7.1 Applications -- 6.7.2 Limitations -- 6.8 Ranking -- 6.8.1 Applications -- 6.8.2 Limitations -- 6.9 ABX -- 6.9.1 Applications -- 6.9.2 Limitations -- 7. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- II - Methods and Analysis in Discrimination Testing: Practical Guidance.5 - Paired Comparison/Directional Difference Test/2-Alternative Forced Choice (2-AFC) Test, Simple Difference Test/ ... -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 Overview of the Types of Paired Comparison Test -- 1.2 Application of the Test -- 1.3 Forced Choice Versus Nonforced Choice -- 1.4 Response Bias -- 1.5 One-Sided Versus Two-Sided -- 1.6 Test Sensitivity -- 1.7 Testing Difference Versus Similarity -- 1.8 Replication -- 2. SAME-DIFFERENT TEST: COMPARING TWO SAMPLES -- 2.1 Objective -- 2.2 Method Outline -- 2.3 Example of Questionnaire -- 2.4 Experimental Design -- 2.5 Assessors -- 2.6 Test Environment -- 2.7 Test Protocol -- 2.8 Data Analysis -- 2.9 Case Studies -- 3. DIRECTIONAL PAIRED COMPARISON: COMPARING TWO SAMPLES -- 3.1 Objective -- 3.2 Method Outline -- 3.3 Example of Questionnaire -- 3.4 Experimental Design -- 3.5 Assessors -- 3.6 Test Environment -- 3.7 Test Protocol -- 3.8 Data Analysis -- 3.9 Case Studies -- 4. MULTIPLE PAIRED COMPARISON: COMPARING MULTIPLE SAMPLES -- 4.1 Objective -- 4.2 Method Outline -- 4.3 Example of Questionnaire -- 4.4 Experimental Design -- 4.5 Assessors -- 4.6 Test Environment -- 4.7 Test Protocol -- 4.8 Data Analysis -- 4.9 Case Studies -- REFERENCES -- 6 - A-Not-A Test -- 1. WHAT IS THE A-NOT-A TEST? -- 2. PROCEDURE -- 2.1 Familiarization -- 2.2 Testing -- 2.3 Type of Assessors -- 3. WHEN TO USE THE A-NOT-A TEST -- 4. ANALYSIS OF A-NOT-A RESULTS -- 4.1 Chi-Squared Model -- 4.1.1 Note on Replicated Testing -- 4.2 Thurstonian Distance -- 4.2.1 Decision Rule for the "A-Not-A" -- 4.3 R-Index -- 5. CONCLUSION -- 6. CASE STUDY -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 7 - Triangle Test -- 1. TEST PRINCIPLE -- 2. WHY AND WHEN TO USE IT -- 3. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES -- 4. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS (BS ISO 4120) -- 4.1 Risks -- 4.1.1 Alpha Risk (α Risk) -- 4.1.2 Beta Risk (β Risk) -- 4.2 N -- 4.3 Pd -- 4.4 Action Standard.5. SETTING UP THE TEST -- 5.1 Panelists' Instructions -- 5.2 Palate Cleansers -- 5.3 "No-Difference" Option -- 5.4 Retasting Products -- 5.5 Additional Information Given to Panelists -- 5.6 Testing Environment -- 5.7 Action Standard -- 6. ASSESSORS -- 6.1 Health -- 6.2 Motivation -- 6.3 Experience Versus Inexperience -- 6.4 Training -- 6.5 Information Given -- 6.6 Number of Assessors to Invite -- 6.7 Replication -- 7. PRODUCT PREPARATION AND SERVING -- 8. TEST LAYOUT -- 8.1 Practical Example of Procedure to Set Up the Test -- 9. ANALYSIS AND REPORTING -- 9.1 Difference Testing -- 9.2 Similarity Testing -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 8 - Two-Out-of-Five Test -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN -- 3. DATA ANALYSIS -- 4. ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION -- 5. TWO-OUT-OF-FIVE METHOD IN USE -- 6. HANDY HINTS -- 7. CASE STUDY 1 -- 8. CASE STUDY 2 -- REFERENCES -- 9 - Tetrad Test -- 1. WHY THE UPSURGE IN POPULARITY OF THE TETRAD? -- 2. WHEN TO USE A TETRAD -- 3. SETTING YOUR OBJECTIVE -- 4. ASSESSORS -- 5. SETTING UP THE TEST -- 5.1 Samples -- 5.2 Test Environment -- 5.3 Experimental Design -- 5.4 Test Instructions -- 5.5 Data Analysis and Interpretation -- 5.6 Reporting -- 6. CASE STUDY -- REFERENCES -- 10 - Duo-Trio -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ORIGIN -- 3. PRINCIPLE OF THE TEST -- 4. ASSESSORS -- 5. FACILITIES AND BEST PRACTICE -- 6. WHY CHOOSE A DUO-TRIO TEST -- 7. DUO-TRIO ADDITIONAL RESEARCH -- 8. STATISTICS-DEFINITIONS -- 9. CASE STUDIES -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 11 - Difference From Control (DFC) Test -- 1. METHOD OUTLINE -- 2. WHY AND WHEN TO USE THIS METHOD -- 2.1 Consumer Testing -- 2.2 Quality Control and Quality Assurance -- 2.3 Shelf Life -- 2.4 Nonhomogeneous Samples -- 2.5 Fatigue -- 2.6 Threshold Testing -- 2.7 Product Claims -- 2.8 Screening -- 3. ADVANTAGES -- 4. DISADVANTAGES -- 5. TEST PROCEDURE -- 6. TEST LAYOUT AND SETUP.6.1 Sample Layout and Questionnaire Example -- 6.2 Sample Presentation -- 6.3 Presentation Order -- 6.4 Sample Labeling -- 6.5 Sample Assessment Procedure -- 6.6 Palate Cleanser -- 6.7 Degree of Difference Scale -- 7. ASSESSORS -- 7.1 Assessor Selection -- 7.2 Level of Training Required -- 7.3 Number of Assessors -- 8. NUMBER OF SAMPLES -- 9. PRACTICALITIES -- 10. REPORTING -- 11. CONSTRAINTS -- 12. CASE STUDIES -- REFERENCES -- 12 - Ranking Test -- 1. METHOD OUTLINE -- 2. WHY AND WHEN TO USE THIS METHOD -- 2.1 Trained Panel Testing-Assessment of Sensory Attributes -- 2.1.1 Panel Screening -- 2.1.2 Panel Training -- 2.1.3 Assessment of Panel Performance -- 2.1.4 Sample Assessment -- 2.2 Consumer Testing -- 2.3 Presorting Samples -- 2.4 Effect of Packaging -- 2.5 Threshold Testing -- 2.6 Working With Young Children -- 3. ADVANTAGES -- 4. DISADVANTAGES -- 5. TEST PROCEDURE -- 5.1 Test Layout and Setup -- 5.2 Sample Layout and Questionnaire Example -- 5.3 Sample Presentation -- 5.4 Presentation Order -- 5.4.1 Complete Block Design -- 5.4.2 Balanced Incomplete Block Design -- 5.5 Sample Labeling -- 5.6 Sample Assessment Procedure -- 5.7 Palate Cleanser -- 6. ASSESSORS -- 6.1 Assessor Selection -- 6.2 Level of Training Required -- 6.3 Number of Assessors (BS ISO 8587:2006+A1:2013, 2013) -- 7. NUMBER OF SAMPLES -- 8. PRACTICALITIES -- 9. REPORTING -- 10. CONSTRAINTS -- 11. OTHER USES -- 11.1 Flash Profiling -- 11.2 Rank-Rating -- 12. CASE STUDIES -- REFERENCES -- 13 - ABX Discrimination Task -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. METHOD OUTLINE -- 3. A BRIEF HISTORY -- 4. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE ABX DISCRIMINATION TASK -- 5. ABX DISCRIMINATION TASK METHODOLOGY -- 5.1 Products and Assessors -- 5.2 Experimental Design -- 5.3 Booth Setup and Running the Test -- 5.4 Reducing Carryover Effects Between Samples -- 5.5 To Retest or Not to Retest?.5.6 A Few Practicalities When Running the Test.edited by Lauren Rogers.Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.TestingHandbooks, manuals, etc.Sensory discriminationTesting.TA410 .D573 2017620.110287612.8ISBN 0-08-101009-50-08-101116-4rdaMiAaPQ17072720240506012508.0edoccha_9960161216002883Converted from MARCXML to MODS version 3.6 using MARC21slim2MODS3-6.xsl (Revision 1.119 2018/06/21)eng info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.5 xml 5a practical handbook /Rogers, Lauren,editor.textbibliographytextenkDuxford, England :Woodhead Publishing,2017.©201720172017single uniteng

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Discrimination Testing in Sensory Science: A Practical Handbook is a one-stop-shop for practical advice and guidance on the performance and analysis of discrimination testing in sensory science. The book covers all aspects of difference testing: the history and origin of different methods, the practicalities of setting up a difference test, replications, the statistics behind each test, dealing with the analysis, action standards, and the statistical analysis of results with R. The book is written by sensory science experts from both academia and industry, and edited by an independent sensory scientist with over twenty years of experience in planning, running and analyzing discrimination tests. This is an essential text for academics in sensory and consumer science and any sensory scientist working in research and development in food, home, and personal care products, new product development, or quality control. Contains practical guidance on the performance and analysis of discrimination testing in sensory and consumer science for both food and non-food products Includes the latest developments in difference testing, including both new methods and state-of-the-art approaches Features extensive coverage of analysis with a variety of software systems Provides essential insight for academics in sensory and consumer science and any sensory scientist working in research and development in food, home, and personal care products, new product development, or quality controlFront Cover -- Discrimination Testing in Sensory Science -- Related Titles -- Discrimination Testing in Sensory Science -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- I - Introduction to Discrimination Testing -- 1 - Introduction and History of Sensory Discrimination Testing -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 2 - Statistics for Use in Discrimination Testing -- 1. BUSINESS RISK -- 1.1 Conventional Hypothesis Testing -- 1.1.1 The p-Value -- 1.1.2 Type I and Type II Errors -- 1.1.3 The Momentary Proportion of Discriminators -- 1.1.4 Sensory Tests for Difference in Tests Without Chance Bounds -- 1.1.5 Statistical Significance Is Not Practical Significance -- 1.1.6 Sensory Tests for Equivalency or Noninferiority -- 1.2 Reframing the Hypothesis Test Using Likelihood or Bayesian Inference -- 2. DATA ARISING FROM SENSORY DISCRIMINATION TEST METHODS -- 2.1 Classification of Methods -- 2.2 Importance of Experimental Design on Analysis -- 3. ANALYSIS OF DATA ARISING FROM TESTS WITH A CHANCE BOUND (E.G., TRIANGLE TEST) -- 3.1 Unreplicated Data -- 3.2 Replicated Data -- 3.3 Statistical Power -- 4. ANALYSIS OF DATA ARISING FROM SIMPLE CLASSIFICATION TASKS WITHOUT A CHANCE BOUND (E.G., A-NOT-A TEST) -- 4.1 Unreplicated Data -- 4.2 Replicated Data -- 4.3 Statistical Power -- 5. ANALYSIS OF DATA ARISING FROM DIFFERENCE FROM CONTROL/DEGREE OF DIFFERENCE TEST METHODS -- 6. ANALYSIS OF DATA ARISING FROM A RANKING TEST METHOD -- 7. EVALUATING SENSORY EQUIVALENCY -- 7.1 Equivalence Testing for Data Arising From Tests With a Correct Response -- 7.2 Equivalence Testing for Data Arising From Tests That Do Not Have a Correct Response -- 8. CONTEXTUALIZING SENSORY DISCRIMINATION RESULTS TO MAKE BUSINESS DECISIONS -- 9. SUMMARY -- 10. RECOMMENDED READING -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES.3 - Deciding Which Test to Use in Discrimination Testing -- 1. THE OBJECTIVE/BUSINESS NEED -- 2. CONSIDERING ALL POSSIBLE TEST METHODS -- 3. GENERATING A HYPOTHESIS -- 4. THE ACTION STANDARD AND POSSIBLE OUTCOMES -- 5. ASSESSORS AND STATISTICAL POWER -- 5.1 Assessor Type -- 5.2 Assessor Numbers -- 5.3 Statistical Power -- 6. BUDGET -- 7. PRODUCT CONSIDERATIONS -- 7.1 Quantity of Sample Available -- 7.2 Carriers/Substrate-Complex Products -- 8. WHEN NOT TO USE DISCRIMINATION TESTING -- 9. SUMMARY -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 4 - Applications and Limitations of Discrimination Testing -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CATEGORIZING DISCRIMINATION TESTS WITHIN SENSORY METHODOLOGY -- 3. APPLICATIONS OF DISCRIMINATION TESTS -- 3.1 Discrimination Testing in Quality Control -- 3.2 Discrimination Testing in Product Development -- 3.3 Other Applications (Special Cases) of Discrimination Tests -- 4. LIMITATIONS OF DISCRIMINATION TESTS -- 5. USING CONSUMERS IN DISCRIMINATION TESTS -- 6. APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS OF COMMONLY USED DISCRIMINATION TESTS -- 6.1 Triangle Test -- 6.1.1 Applications -- 6.1.2 Limitations -- 6.2 Duo-Trio Test -- 6.2.1 Applications -- 6.2.2 Limitations -- 6.3 A-not-A -- 6.3.1 Applications -- 6.3.2 Limitations -- 6.4 Two-Out-of-Five Test -- 6.4.1 Applications -- 6.4.2 Limitations -- 6.5 Paired Comparison Tests -- 6.5.1 2-AFC -- 6.5.2 Same-Different Test -- 6.5.3 Applications -- 6.5.4 Limitations -- 6.6 Tetrad -- 6.6.1 Applications -- 6.6.2 Limitations -- 6.7 Difference From Control -- 6.7.1 Applications -- 6.7.2 Limitations -- 6.8 Ranking -- 6.8.1 Applications -- 6.8.2 Limitations -- 6.9 ABX -- 6.9.1 Applications -- 6.9.2 Limitations -- 7. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- II - Methods and Analysis in Discrimination Testing: Practical Guidance.5 - Paired Comparison/Directional Difference Test/2-Alternative Forced Choice (2-AFC) Test, Simple Difference Test/ ... -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.1 Overview of the Types of Paired Comparison Test -- 1.2 Application of the Test -- 1.3 Forced Choice Versus Nonforced Choice -- 1.4 Response Bias -- 1.5 One-Sided Versus Two-Sided -- 1.6 Test Sensitivity -- 1.7 Testing Difference Versus Similarity -- 1.8 Replication -- 2. SAME-DIFFERENT TEST: COMPARING TWO SAMPLES -- 2.1 Objective -- 2.2 Method Outline -- 2.3 Example of Questionnaire -- 2.4 Experimental Design -- 2.5 Assessors -- 2.6 Test Environment -- 2.7 Test Protocol -- 2.8 Data Analysis -- 2.9 Case Studies -- 3. DIRECTIONAL PAIRED COMPARISON: COMPARING TWO SAMPLES -- 3.1 Objective -- 3.2 Method Outline -- 3.3 Example of Questionnaire -- 3.4 Experimental Design -- 3.5 Assessors -- 3.6 Test Environment -- 3.7 Test Protocol -- 3.8 Data Analysis -- 3.9 Case Studies -- 4. MULTIPLE PAIRED COMPARISON: COMPARING MULTIPLE SAMPLES -- 4.1 Objective -- 4.2 Method Outline -- 4.3 Example of Questionnaire -- 4.4 Experimental Design -- 4.5 Assessors -- 4.6 Test Environment -- 4.7 Test Protocol -- 4.8 Data Analysis -- 4.9 Case Studies -- REFERENCES -- 6 - A-Not-A Test -- 1. WHAT IS THE A-NOT-A TEST? -- 2. PROCEDURE -- 2.1 Familiarization -- 2.2 Testing -- 2.3 Type of Assessors -- 3. WHEN TO USE THE A-NOT-A TEST -- 4. ANALYSIS OF A-NOT-A RESULTS -- 4.1 Chi-Squared Model -- 4.1.1 Note on Replicated Testing -- 4.2 Thurstonian Distance -- 4.2.1 Decision Rule for the "A-Not-A" -- 4.3 R-Index -- 5. CONCLUSION -- 6. CASE STUDY -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 7 - Triangle Test -- 1. TEST PRINCIPLE -- 2. WHY AND WHEN TO USE IT -- 3. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES -- 4. TERMS AND DEFINITIONS (BS ISO 4120) -- 4.1 Risks -- 4.1.1 Alpha Risk (α Risk) -- 4.1.2 Beta Risk (β Risk) -- 4.2 N -- 4.3 Pd -- 4.4 Action Standard.5. SETTING UP THE TEST -- 5.1 Panelists' Instructions -- 5.2 Palate Cleansers -- 5.3 "No-Difference" Option -- 5.4 Retasting Products -- 5.5 Additional Information Given to Panelists -- 5.6 Testing Environment -- 5.7 Action Standard -- 6. ASSESSORS -- 6.1 Health -- 6.2 Motivation -- 6.3 Experience Versus Inexperience -- 6.4 Training -- 6.5 Information Given -- 6.6 Number of Assessors to Invite -- 6.7 Replication -- 7. PRODUCT PREPARATION AND SERVING -- 8. TEST LAYOUT -- 8.1 Practical Example of Procedure to Set Up the Test -- 9. ANALYSIS AND REPORTING -- 9.1 Difference Testing -- 9.2 Similarity Testing -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 8 - Two-Out-of-Five Test -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN -- 3. DATA ANALYSIS -- 4. ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION -- 5. TWO-OUT-OF-FIVE METHOD IN USE -- 6. HANDY HINTS -- 7. CASE STUDY 1 -- 8. CASE STUDY 2 -- REFERENCES -- 9 - Tetrad Test -- 1. WHY THE UPSURGE IN POPULARITY OF THE TETRAD? -- 2. WHEN TO USE A TETRAD -- 3. SETTING YOUR OBJECTIVE -- 4. ASSESSORS -- 5. SETTING UP THE TEST -- 5.1 Samples -- 5.2 Test Environment -- 5.3 Experimental Design -- 5.4 Test Instructions -- 5.5 Data Analysis and Interpretation -- 5.6 Reporting -- 6. CASE STUDY -- REFERENCES -- 10 - Duo-Trio -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ORIGIN -- 3. PRINCIPLE OF THE TEST -- 4. ASSESSORS -- 5. FACILITIES AND BEST PRACTICE -- 6. WHY CHOOSE A DUO-TRIO TEST -- 7. DUO-TRIO ADDITIONAL RESEARCH -- 8. STATISTICS-DEFINITIONS -- 9. CASE STUDIES -- REFERENCES -- FURTHER READING -- 11 - Difference From Control (DFC) Test -- 1. METHOD OUTLINE -- 2. WHY AND WHEN TO USE THIS METHOD -- 2.1 Consumer Testing -- 2.2 Quality Control and Quality Assurance -- 2.3 Shelf Life -- 2.4 Nonhomogeneous Samples -- 2.5 Fatigue -- 2.6 Threshold Testing -- 2.7 Product Claims -- 2.8 Screening -- 3. ADVANTAGES -- 4. DISADVANTAGES -- 5. TEST PROCEDURE -- 6. TEST LAYOUT AND SETUP.6.1 Sample Layout and Questionnaire Example -- 6.2 Sample Presentation -- 6.3 Presentation Order -- 6.4 Sample Labeling -- 6.5 Sample Assessment Procedure -- 6.6 Palate Cleanser -- 6.7 Degree of Difference Scale -- 7. ASSESSORS -- 7.1 Assessor Selection -- 7.2 Level of Training Required -- 7.3 Number of Assessors -- 8. NUMBER OF SAMPLES -- 9. PRACTICALITIES -- 10. REPORTING -- 11. CONSTRAINTS -- 12. CASE STUDIES -- REFERENCES -- 12 - Ranking Test -- 1. METHOD OUTLINE -- 2. WHY AND WHEN TO USE THIS METHOD -- 2.1 Trained Panel Testing-Assessment of Sensory Attributes -- 2.1.1 Panel Screening -- 2.1.2 Panel Training -- 2.1.3 Assessment of Panel Performance -- 2.1.4 Sample Assessment -- 2.2 Consumer Testing -- 2.3 Presorting Samples -- 2.4 Effect of Packaging -- 2.5 Threshold Testing -- 2.6 Working With Young Children -- 3. ADVANTAGES -- 4. DISADVANTAGES -- 5. TEST PROCEDURE -- 5.1 Test Layout and Setup -- 5.2 Sample Layout and Questionnaire Example -- 5.3 Sample Presentation -- 5.4 Presentation Order -- 5.4.1 Complete Block Design -- 5.4.2 Balanced Incomplete Block Design -- 5.5 Sample Labeling -- 5.6 Sample Assessment Procedure -- 5.7 Palate Cleanser -- 6. ASSESSORS -- 6.1 Assessor Selection -- 6.2 Level of Training Required -- 6.3 Number of Assessors (BS ISO 8587:2006+A1:2013, 2013) -- 7. NUMBER OF SAMPLES -- 8. PRACTICALITIES -- 9. REPORTING -- 10. CONSTRAINTS -- 11. OTHER USES -- 11.1 Flash Profiling -- 11.2 Rank-Rating -- 12. CASE STUDIES -- REFERENCES -- 13 - ABX Discrimination Task -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. METHOD OUTLINE -- 3. A BRIEF HISTORY -- 4. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE ABX DISCRIMINATION TASK -- 5. ABX DISCRIMINATION TASK METHODOLOGY -- 5.1 Products and Assessors -- 5.2 Experimental Design -- 5.3 Booth Setup and Running the Test -- 5.4 Reducing Carryover Effects Between Samples -- 5.5 To Retest or Not to Retest?.5.6 A Few Practicalities When Running the Test.edited by Lauren Rogers.Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.TestingHandbooks, manuals, etc.Sensory discriminationTesting.TA410 .D573 2017620.110287612.8ISBN 0-08-101009-50-08-101116-4rdaMiAaPQ17072720240506012508.0almahu_9949983646802882Converted from MARCXML to MODS version 3.6 using MARC21slim2MODS3-6.xsl (Revision 1.119 2018/06/21)eng info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.5 xml 6Master End-To-End Web Application Testing Automation to Accelerate Your QA Process with Cypress (English Edition).Skadorva, Vitaly.texttextElectronic books.bookxxDelhi :Orange Education PVT Ltd,2023.©2023.20231st ed.single uniteng

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Dive into the world of automated web testing with "Ultimate Web Automation Testing with Cypress." From foundational concepts to advanced techniques, the book equips professionals with the skills to seamlessly integrate Cypress into their workflow. Starting with setup and basic tests, it progresses to cover end-to-end, component, API, and data-driven testing with practical examples and best practices. Further, it explores advanced topics like custom commands, plugins, Cypress Cloud, Smart Orchestration and Flaky Test Management. The book also unveils the integration with GitHub, GitLab, and Cucumber, and concludes with CI/CD implementation using Docker and Jenkins Pipelines, along with effective reporting techniques. By the end, you will have a profound understanding of Cypress, empowering you to excel in web application testing and advance your careers in the competitive software testing industry.Intro -- Cover Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication Page -- About the Author -- About the Technical Reviewer -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- Errata -- Table of Contents -- 1. Getting Started with Cypress Testing -- Introduction -- Structure -- Introduction to Cypress -- Overview of Cypress -- Advantages of Cypress -- Integration with Modern Web Technologies and Frameworks -- Benefits of using Cypress for automation testing -- Real-time reloading and time-travel debugging -- Automatic waiting and retries -- Simple and easy-to-understand API -- Built-in parallelization and dashboard features -- Integration with CI/CD tools -- Wide range of plugins and community support -- Difference between Cypress and Selenium -- Architecture: Cypress's direct browser access versus Selenium's WebDriver-based approach -- Language Support: JavaScript in Cypress versus multiple languages in Selenium -- Automatic waiting and command retries in Cypress -- Speed and performance comparison -- Ease of setup and learning curve -- Key features of Cypress 12 -- Multiple origins testing with 'cy.origin()' -- Browser context preservation with `cy.session()` -- Test isolation -- Fix for dreaded detached DOM errors -- Conclusion -- Further Reading -- 2. Setting Up the Development Environment -- Introduction -- Structure -- Installing Node.js -- NPM (Node Package Manager) -- Yarn -- Installing Cypress -- Configuring Cypress -- Project structure -- Creating your first Cypress project -- Conclusion -- Further Readings -- 3. Writing Your First Test -- Introduction -- Structure -- Introducing the Cypress Test Runner -- Writing a simple test case -- Using Cypress commands -- Navigating commands -- Querying DOM commands -- Action commands -- Assertion commands -- Network requests commands -- Cookies and local storage commands -- Using Cypress assertions.BDD assertions -- TDD assertions -- Sinon-Chai assertions -- Complex assertions -- Assertion timeout -- Understanding hooks and aliases -- Introducing hooks -- Using aliases -- Scopes of hooks and aliases -- Hooks scope -- Aliases scope -- Best practices for using hooks and aliases -- Dealing with asynchronous operations -- Conclusion -- Further readings -- 4. End-to-End (E2E) Testing -- Introduction -- Structure -- Overview of E2E testing -- The crucial role of E2E testing -- E2E testing with Cypress: A new age in testing -- Testing user interactions -- Clicking and double clicking -- Typing into input fields -- Checking and unchecking boxes -- Selecting options in dropdowns -- Working with events -- Drag and Drop -- Hovering -- File uploads -- Keyboard interactions -- Scrolling -- Right clicking -- Form interactions -- Dealing with popups and alerts -- Working with iframes -- Working with different types of elements -- Text elements -- Input fields -- Buttons -- Links -- Images -- Lists -- Tables -- Scalable vector graphics (SVGs) -- Forms -- Dialog and pop-up windows -- Canvas -- Audio and video elements -- Shadow DOM -- Custom Elements -- Map Elements -- Handling timeouts and retries -- Timeouts -- Automatic retries -- Custom retries -- Best practices for handling timeouts and retries -- Conclusion -- Further readings -- 5. Component Testing -- Introduction -- Structure -- Introduction to component testing -- Types of component testing -- Timing of component testing execution -- Differentiating component testing and unit testing -- Component testing vs end-to-end testing -- Setting up component testing with Cypress -- Writing component tests -- Scaffold React Application -- Testing React components -- Crafting a component -- First component test -- Locating elements and assertions -- Incorporating props into components -- Testing interactions.Testing React components with events -- Testing Angular components -- Building an Angular component -- Component inputs -- Interactions with the component -- Testing Angular component events -- Testing Vue.js components -- Building a Vue.js component -- Locating elements and assertions -- Incorporating props into components -- Testing interactions -- Testing Vue.js components with events -- Best practices for component testing -- Understand the component's functionality -- Isolate the component -- Use descriptive test titles -- Favor integration over snapshot tests -- Test different states -- Test events and side effects -- Keep tests DRY, but not at all costs -- Incorporate accessibility checks -- Continuously run tests in your development environment -- Use a test-first methodology (TDD/BDD) -- Debugging and troubleshooting component tests -- Utilize Cypress's time traveling and real-time reloading -- Use cy.log for custom logging -- Use cy.pause for pausing execution -- Use Cypress's built-in debuggability -- Reviewing test artifacts -- Integrating component tests into your testing workflow -- Running component tests locally -- Running component tests in continuous integration -- Writing component tests -- Running component tests -- Conclusion -- Further readings -- 6. API Testing -- Introduction -- Structure -- Introduction to API testing -- Understanding RESTful APIs -- Exploring GraphQL -- Comparing REST and GraphQL -- Cypress for API Testing -- Testing RESTful APIs -- Testing GraphQL APIs -- Aliasing Multiple Queries or Mutations -- Expectations for Query or Mutation Results -- Modifying a Query or Mutation Response -- Validating API responses -- Conclusion -- Further Readings -- 7. Data-Driven Testing -- Introduction -- Structure -- Overview of data-driven testing -- Data-Driven Testing in Action -- Using JSON Files for Test Data.Reasons for Using JSON Files -- Structuring JSON Files for Test Data -- Reading JSON Files in Cypress -- Implementing Data-Driven Tests with JSON Files -- Reading Data from Databases -- Reasons for Using Databases for Test Data -- Setting up the Database Connection -- Setting up MongoDB Connection -- Setting up MySQL Connection -- Using MongoDB and MySQL Data in Cypress Tests -- Implementing Data-Driven Test Cases -- Segregation of Test Data and Production Data -- Leveraging Realistic Data in Tests -- Minimizing Test Data Duplication -- Employing Cypress Plugins for Database Testing -- Setting up a Test Database -- Connecting Cypress to the Test Database -- Test Cases for CRUD Operations -- Test Case to Verify Data Integrity -- Testing Database Transactions -- Testing Database Migrations -- Conclusion -- Further Reading -- 8. Advanced Cypress Techniques -- Introduction -- Structure -- Cypress custom commands -- Creating a custom command -- Using a custom command -- Custom command overwrites -- Asynchronous custom commands -- Chaining custom commands -- Passing options to custom commands -- Custom commands with aliases -- Validating custom commands -- Use cases for custom commands -- Overriding existing commands -- Handling errors in custom commands -- Debugging custom commands -- Best practices for custom commands -- Using videos and screenshots for debugging -- Debugging with screenshots -- Debugging with videos -- Using screenshots and videos effectively -- Working with Cypress plugins -- Configuration -- Preprocessors -- Run lifecycle -- Spec lifecycle -- Browser launching -- Screenshot handling -- cy.task -- List of plugins -- Crafting a plugin -- Custom plugin examples -- Interacting with a database -- Plugin Events -- Environment variables -- Browser launch API -- Custom Webpack preprocessor -- Existing Cypress plugin examples.cypress-cucumber-preprocessor -- cypress-axe -- Handling authentication and authorization -- Authentication vs authorization -- Approaches to testing authentication and authorization -- Testing the UI -- Programmatic login -- Handling authorization -- Testing API authorization -- Authentication by visiting a different domain with cy.origin() -- Programmatic login using Auth0 authentication -- Parallel test execution -- Using CI/CD tools for parallelization -- Parallelization beyond the Dashboard: plugins -- cypress-parallel -- cypress-split -- Cross-browser testing -- Running tests in a specific browser -- Running tests in all supported browsers -- Electron browser: an integral part of Cypress -- Chrome browsers -- Firefox browsers -- Managing test flakiness across different browsers -- Comparing browser behaviors -- WebKit (experimental) -- Network stubbing and mocking -- Using the cy.intercept() command -- Intercepting responses and asserting with cy.wait() -- POST request stubbing -- Wildcards and glob patterns -- Visual regression testing -- Setting up cypress-image-snapshot plugin -- Creating your first visual test -- Dealing with dynamic content -- Image comparison strategies -- Setting up cypress-visual-regression -- Basic usage of cypress-visual-regression -- Dealing with dynamic content -- Customizing cypress-visual-regression -- Conclusion -- Further Reading -- 9. Cypress Cloud, Smart Orchestration, and Flaky Test Management -- Introduction -- Structure -- Introduction to Cypress Cloud -- Understanding Cypress Cloud -- Key features of Cypress Cloud -- Detailed test recording and optimized management -- Smart Orchestration in Cypress -- Introduction to Smart Orchestration -- Parallelization -- Load Balancing -- Spec Prioritization -- Run Cancellation -- Managing flaky tests -- Network instability -- Concurrency issues.Test order dependency.Skadorva, VitalyDelhi : Orange Education PVT Ltd,c202397881967826961414456642https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/huberlin-ebooks/detail.action?docID=31011472rdaMiAaPQ24122920250207083542.0almahu_9949927123002882Converted from MARCXML to MODS version 3.6 using MARC21slim2MODS3-6.xsl (Revision 1.119 2018/06/21)eng info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.5 xml 7Atwa, Omar Salah,author.texttextbookenkLondon, England :Academic Press,[2019]©20192019single uniteng

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Practical Power System and Protective Relays Commissioning is a unique collection of the most important developments in the field of power system setup. It includes simple explanations and cost affordable models for operating engineers. The book explains the theory of power system components in a simple, clear method that also shows how to apply different commissioning tests for different protective relays. The book discusses scheduling for substation commissioning and how to manage available resources to efficiently complete projects on budget and with optimal use of resources.- Explains the theory of power system components and how to set the different types of relays- Discusses the time schedule for substation commissioning and how to manage available resources and cost implications- Details worked examples and illustrates best practicesFront Cover -- Practical Power System and Protective Relays Commissioning -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1 Power System Elements -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Overview of a Power System -- 1.2.1 Generation of Power -- 1.2.2 Transmission System -- 1.2.3 Distribution System -- 1.2.4 Loads -- 1.3 System Voltages -- 1.4 Power System Components -- 1.5 IEEE Device Numbers and Functions for Switchgear Apparatus -- 2 Substations -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Substation Electrical Diagrams -- 2.2.1 Single Line Diagram -- 2.2.2 Schematic/Elementary Diagram -- 2.2.3 Connection or Wiring Diagram -- 2.2.4 Interconnection Diagram -- 2.3 Substation and Busbar Layouts -- 2.3.1 Single Busbar Arrangement -- 2.3.2 Double Busbar/One Circuit Breaker Arrangement -- 2.3.3 Sectioning of Busbar Arrangement -- 2.3.4 Ring Busbar Arrangement -- 2.3.5 One and Half Breaker Arrangement -- 2.3.6 Double Busbar, Double Breaker Arrangement -- 2.3.7 Interconnected Mesh Corners Arrangement -- 2.4 Load Break Switches -- 2.5 Switchgear in Generating Stations -- 2.5.1 Main Switchgear Schemes -- 2.5.2 Auxiliary Switchgear -- 2.5.2.1 Unit system of generator -- 2.5.2.2 Unit scheme employing generator circuit breaker -- 3 Introduction to Testing and Commissioning of Power System -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Precommissioning Procedures -- 3.1.2 Commissioning Management -- 3.2 Power Transformer Commissioning -- 3.2.1 Visual Check -- 3.2.2 Electrical Tests -- 3.3 Surge Arrestor Test -- 3.3.1 Visual Checks -- 3.3.2 Electrical Tests -- 3.4 Current Transformer Commissioning Tests -- 3.4.1 Visual Checks -- 3.4.2 Commissioning Electrical Tests -- 3.5 Voltage Transformer Commissioning Tests -- 3.5.1 Visual Checks -- 3.5.2 Electrical Commissioning Tests -- 3.6 Gas Insulated Switchgear Commissioning Test -- 3.6.1 Visual Check and Mechanical Tests -- 3.6.2 Electrical Tests.3.7 High Voltage Cables Commissioning Tests -- 3.7.1 Visual Checks -- 3.7.2 Electrical Tests -- 3.8 Protection and Control Panels Commissioning Tests -- 3.8.1 Visual Check -- 3.8.2 Electrical Tests -- 3.9 Final Energization Commissioning Procedures -- 3.10 AC Distribution Panel Commissioning Tests -- 3.10.1 Visual Checks -- 3.10.2 Electrical Tests -- 3.11 DC Distribution Panels Commissioning Tests -- 3.11.1 Visual Check -- 3.11.2 Electrical Tests -- 3.12 Battery Commissioning Tests -- 3.12.1 Visual Check -- 3.12.2 Electrical Tests -- 3.13 Battery Charger Commissioning Tests -- 3.13.1 Visual Checks -- 3.13.2 Electrical Tests -- 4 Generators and Motors: Theory and Testing -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Generating Stations -- 4.2.1 Hydro Power Stations -- 4.2.2 Thermal Power Stations -- 4.2.3 Nuclear Power Stations -- 4.3 Renewable Power Systems -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.2 Renewable Energy -- 4.3.3 Types of Renewable Energy -- 4.3.3.1 Solar Energy -- 4.3.3.2 Wind Energy -- 4.3.3.2.1 Wind Turbine Power System Protection Zones -- 4.3.3.3 Geothermal Energy -- 4.3.3.4 Biomass Energy -- 4.3.3.5 Ocean or Tidal Energy -- 4.3.3.6 Hydro-electric Energy -- 4.4 Synchronous Generators: Theory and Construction -- 4.4.1 Synchronous Generator Excitation System -- 4.4.2 Synchronous Generator Ratings -- 4.4.3 Steady-State Stability and Transient Stability of Synchronous Generators -- 4.4.4 Power Angle of Synchronous Machines -- 4.4.5 Excitation Response -- 4.4.6 Excitation Ceiling Voltage -- 4.5 Generator Connection in Power Stations -- 4.6 Synchronizing of Synchronous Generator With Busbars -- 4.7 Installation and Commissioning of Synchronous Generators -- 4.7.1 The Pre-start Commissioning Tests of Synchronous Generators -- 4.8 Synchronous Motors Theory -- 4.9 Three-Phase Induction Motors Theory -- 4.10 The Pre-start Commissioning Tests of Induction Motors.5 Power Transformers Theory Testing and Commissioning -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Transformer Construction -- 5.3 Transformer Cooling System -- 5.4 Transformer Theory and Circuit Analysis -- 5.4.1 Transformers and Overexcitation -- 5.5 Power Transformer Installation -- 5.5.1 Transportation -- 5.5.2 Site Inspections -- 5.5.3 Transformer Storage -- 5.6 Power Transformer Testing and Commissioning -- 5.6.1 Measurement of Winding Insulation Resistance -- 5.6.2 Measurement of Voltage Ratio Test -- 5.6.3 Determination of Transformer Vector Group Test -- 5.6.4 Winding Resistance Test -- 5.6.5 Measurement of No-Load Current and No-Load Circuit Losses Test -- 5.6.6 Measurement of Load Losses: Current and Impedance Voltage Test -- 5.6.7 Temperature Rise Test -- 5.6.8 Transformer Oil Breakdown Test -- 5.6.9 Measurement of Capacitance and Tan δ -- 5.6.10 Frequency Response Analysis -- 5.6.11 Partial Discharge Measurement -- 5.7 Commissioning Tests for Power Transformers at Site -- 5.7.1 General -- 5.7.2 Primary Tests -- 5.7.3 Secondary Tests -- 5.7.4 Tripping Tests -- 5.7.5 Load Test -- 6 Transmission Lines Theory Testing and Commissioning -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Overhead AC Lines -- 6.2.1 Electrical Characteristics of AC Transmission Lines -- 6.3 Underground Cables -- 6.3.1 High-Voltage Cables -- 6.3.2 High-Voltage Cables: End Terminations -- 6.4 Testing and Commissioning of Extra-High-Voltage and High-Voltage Cables at Site -- 6.4.1 Continuity and Phasing Checks -- 6.4.2 DC Contact Resistance of Cable Phase Conductors -- 6.4.3 DC Insulation Sheath Test -- 6.4.4 Cable Insulation Resistance Test -- 6.4.5 Cable Capacitance Test -- 6.4.6 Verification of Cross Bonding Test of Metallic Sheath of Cable -- 6.4.7 Measurements of Cable Positive Sequence Impedance -- 6.4.8 Measurements of Cable Zero Sequence Impedance -- 6.4.9 Sheath Voltage Limit Test.6.4.10 High-Voltage Resonant AC Test for 132kV Cables and Above -- 6.5 High Voltage DC Power Systems Transmission -- 6.5.1 Introduction -- 6.5.2 Construction of DC Transmission -- 6.5.2.1 Monopolar links -- 6.5.2.2 Bipolar links -- 6.5.2.3 Homopolar links -- 6.5.3 DC Transmission Components -- 6.5.4 High-Voltage DC Protection System -- 7 Circuit Breakers Theory Testing and Commissioning -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Principle of Arc Interruption -- 7.3 Circuit Breaker Types Based on Insulating Medium -- 7.3.1 Air Circuit Breaker -- 7.3.2 Oil Circuit Breaker -- 7.3.3 Vacuum Circuit Breaker -- 7.3.4 SF6 Circuit Breaker -- 7.3.4.1 Properties of SF6 Gas -- 7.3.4.2 Contaminants -- 7.3.4.3 Related Standards -- 7.3.4.4 Precautions -- 7.3.4.5 Testing for Contamination -- 7.4 Circuit Breaker Operating Mechanism -- 7.5 Circuit Breaker Controls -- 7.5.1 Electrical Control -- 7.6 Circuit Breaker Testing -- 7.6.1 Contact Resistance Testing -- 7.6.2 Insulation Resistance Testing -- 7.6.3 High-Voltage Test -- 7.6.4 Circuit Breaker Timing Test -- 7.6.5 Reduced Voltage Test -- 8 Air Insulated System Substations Theory and Testing -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Testing of the AIS-Components -- 9 Surge Arresters Theory Testing and Commissioning -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Testing of Surge Arresters -- 10 Traditional and Electronic Current Transformers Theory Testing and Commissioning -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Current Transformer Equivalent Circuit -- 10.3 Current Transformer Magnetization Curve -- 10.4 Current Transformer Accuracy Classes -- 10.4.1 Metering Current Transformer Accuracy Classes -- 10.4.2 Protection Current Transformer Accuracy Classes -- 10.4.3 Current Transformer Open Circuited Secondary Winding -- 10.5 Types of Current Transformers -- 10.5.1 Wound Primary Type Current Transformer -- 10.5.2 Bar Primary Type Current Transformer (Resin-Embedded).10.5.3 Bushing-Type Current Transformers -- 10.5.4 Air-Gapped Current Transformers -- 10.5.5 Transient Performance Current Transformers -- 10.5.5.1 TPY Class -- 10.5.5.2 TPZ Class -- TPS Class -- TPX Class -- TPY Class -- TPZ Class -- 10.5.6 Linear Coupler Current Transformers -- 10.6 Current Transformers Connections -- 10.7 Current Transformer Knee Point -- 10.8 Optical Current and Voltage Transformer -- 10.8.1 Advantages of Optical Instruments -- 10.9 Current Transformer Commissioning Testing -- 10.9.1 Visual Checks -- 10.9.2 Commissioning Electrical Tests -- 10.9.2.1 Insulation Resistance Test -- 10.9.2.2 Winding Resistance Test -- 10.9.2.3 Polarity Test -- 10.9.2.4 Ratio Test by Primary Injection -- 10.9.2.5 Magnetizing Current Test -- 10.9.2.6 Loop Resistance Burden Test -- 10.9.2.7 Continuity of Secondary Circuits -- 10.9.2.8 High Voltage Test -- 10.9.2.9 Demagnetizing the CT Cores -- 11 Voltage Transformers -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Principle of Operation of Electromagnetic Voltage Transformers -- 11.3 Principle of Operation of Capacitive Voltage Transformers -- 11.4 Burdens and Accuracy Classes -- 11.5 Types and Three-Phase Connections of Voltage Transformers -- 11.6 Optical Current and Voltage Transformers -- 11.6.1 Advantages of Optical Instruments -- 11.7 Voltage Transformer Testing -- 11.7.1 Visual Check -- 11.7.2 Insulation Resistance Test -- 11.7.3 Polarity (Flick) Test -- 11.7.4 Voltage Transformer Ratio Test -- 11.7.5 Winding Resistance Test -- 11.7.6 Loop Resistance Burden Test -- 12 Disconnecting Switches and Earthing Switches Theory Testing and Commissioning -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.1.1 Load Break Switches -- 12.1.2 High-Speed Earthing Switches -- 12.2 Disconnect Switches/Earth (Grounding) Switches Tests -- 13 Fault Recorders in Substations and Power Stations -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Fault Recorder Testing.14 Gas Insulated System Substations.Omar Salah Atwa.Protective relays.Electric generatorsProtection.Electric power systemsProtection.TK2861 .A893 2019621.317621.319780128173121012817312297801281685850128168587rdaMiAaPQ19052720240509041011.0almafu_9960074272002883Converted from MARCXML to MODS version 3.6 using MARC21slim2MODS3-6.xsl (Revision 1.119 2018/06/21)eng info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.5 xml 8Atwa, Omar Salah,author.texttextbookenkLondon, England :Academic Press,[2019]©20192019single uniteng

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Practical Power System and Protective Relays Commissioning is a unique collection of the most important developments in the field of power system setup. It includes simple explanations and cost affordable models for operating engineers. The book explains the theory of power system components in a simple, clear method that also shows how to apply different commissioning tests for different protective relays. The book discusses scheduling for substation commissioning and how to manage available resources to efficiently complete projects on budget and with optimal use of resources.- Explains the theory of power system components and how to set the different types of relays- Discusses the time schedule for substation commissioning and how to manage available resources and cost implications- Details worked examples and illustrates best practicesFront Cover -- Practical Power System and Protective Relays Commissioning -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1 Power System Elements -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Overview of a Power System -- 1.2.1 Generation of Power -- 1.2.2 Transmission System -- 1.2.3 Distribution System -- 1.2.4 Loads -- 1.3 System Voltages -- 1.4 Power System Components -- 1.5 IEEE Device Numbers and Functions for Switchgear Apparatus -- 2 Substations -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Substation Electrical Diagrams -- 2.2.1 Single Line Diagram -- 2.2.2 Schematic/Elementary Diagram -- 2.2.3 Connection or Wiring Diagram -- 2.2.4 Interconnection Diagram -- 2.3 Substation and Busbar Layouts -- 2.3.1 Single Busbar Arrangement -- 2.3.2 Double Busbar/One Circuit Breaker Arrangement -- 2.3.3 Sectioning of Busbar Arrangement -- 2.3.4 Ring Busbar Arrangement -- 2.3.5 One and Half Breaker Arrangement -- 2.3.6 Double Busbar, Double Breaker Arrangement -- 2.3.7 Interconnected Mesh Corners Arrangement -- 2.4 Load Break Switches -- 2.5 Switchgear in Generating Stations -- 2.5.1 Main Switchgear Schemes -- 2.5.2 Auxiliary Switchgear -- 2.5.2.1 Unit system of generator -- 2.5.2.2 Unit scheme employing generator circuit breaker -- 3 Introduction to Testing and Commissioning of Power System -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Precommissioning Procedures -- 3.1.2 Commissioning Management -- 3.2 Power Transformer Commissioning -- 3.2.1 Visual Check -- 3.2.2 Electrical Tests -- 3.3 Surge Arrestor Test -- 3.3.1 Visual Checks -- 3.3.2 Electrical Tests -- 3.4 Current Transformer Commissioning Tests -- 3.4.1 Visual Checks -- 3.4.2 Commissioning Electrical Tests -- 3.5 Voltage Transformer Commissioning Tests -- 3.5.1 Visual Checks -- 3.5.2 Electrical Commissioning Tests -- 3.6 Gas Insulated Switchgear Commissioning Test -- 3.6.1 Visual Check and Mechanical Tests -- 3.6.2 Electrical Tests.3.7 High Voltage Cables Commissioning Tests -- 3.7.1 Visual Checks -- 3.7.2 Electrical Tests -- 3.8 Protection and Control Panels Commissioning Tests -- 3.8.1 Visual Check -- 3.8.2 Electrical Tests -- 3.9 Final Energization Commissioning Procedures -- 3.10 AC Distribution Panel Commissioning Tests -- 3.10.1 Visual Checks -- 3.10.2 Electrical Tests -- 3.11 DC Distribution Panels Commissioning Tests -- 3.11.1 Visual Check -- 3.11.2 Electrical Tests -- 3.12 Battery Commissioning Tests -- 3.12.1 Visual Check -- 3.12.2 Electrical Tests -- 3.13 Battery Charger Commissioning Tests -- 3.13.1 Visual Checks -- 3.13.2 Electrical Tests -- 4 Generators and Motors: Theory and Testing -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Generating Stations -- 4.2.1 Hydro Power Stations -- 4.2.2 Thermal Power Stations -- 4.2.3 Nuclear Power Stations -- 4.3 Renewable Power Systems -- 4.3.1 Introduction -- 4.3.2 Renewable Energy -- 4.3.3 Types of Renewable Energy -- 4.3.3.1 Solar Energy -- 4.3.3.2 Wind Energy -- 4.3.3.2.1 Wind Turbine Power System Protection Zones -- 4.3.3.3 Geothermal Energy -- 4.3.3.4 Biomass Energy -- 4.3.3.5 Ocean or Tidal Energy -- 4.3.3.6 Hydro-electric Energy -- 4.4 Synchronous Generators: Theory and Construction -- 4.4.1 Synchronous Generator Excitation System -- 4.4.2 Synchronous Generator Ratings -- 4.4.3 Steady-State Stability and Transient Stability of Synchronous Generators -- 4.4.4 Power Angle of Synchronous Machines -- 4.4.5 Excitation Response -- 4.4.6 Excitation Ceiling Voltage -- 4.5 Generator Connection in Power Stations -- 4.6 Synchronizing of Synchronous Generator With Busbars -- 4.7 Installation and Commissioning of Synchronous Generators -- 4.7.1 The Pre-start Commissioning Tests of Synchronous Generators -- 4.8 Synchronous Motors Theory -- 4.9 Three-Phase Induction Motors Theory -- 4.10 The Pre-start Commissioning Tests of Induction Motors.5 Power Transformers Theory Testing and Commissioning -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Transformer Construction -- 5.3 Transformer Cooling System -- 5.4 Transformer Theory and Circuit Analysis -- 5.4.1 Transformers and Overexcitation -- 5.5 Power Transformer Installation -- 5.5.1 Transportation -- 5.5.2 Site Inspections -- 5.5.3 Transformer Storage -- 5.6 Power Transformer Testing and Commissioning -- 5.6.1 Measurement of Winding Insulation Resistance -- 5.6.2 Measurement of Voltage Ratio Test -- 5.6.3 Determination of Transformer Vector Group Test -- 5.6.4 Winding Resistance Test -- 5.6.5 Measurement of No-Load Current and No-Load Circuit Losses Test -- 5.6.6 Measurement of Load Losses: Current and Impedance Voltage Test -- 5.6.7 Temperature Rise Test -- 5.6.8 Transformer Oil Breakdown Test -- 5.6.9 Measurement of Capacitance and Tan δ -- 5.6.10 Frequency Response Analysis -- 5.6.11 Partial Discharge Measurement -- 5.7 Commissioning Tests for Power Transformers at Site -- 5.7.1 General -- 5.7.2 Primary Tests -- 5.7.3 Secondary Tests -- 5.7.4 Tripping Tests -- 5.7.5 Load Test -- 6 Transmission Lines Theory Testing and Commissioning -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Overhead AC Lines -- 6.2.1 Electrical Characteristics of AC Transmission Lines -- 6.3 Underground Cables -- 6.3.1 High-Voltage Cables -- 6.3.2 High-Voltage Cables: End Terminations -- 6.4 Testing and Commissioning of Extra-High-Voltage and High-Voltage Cables at Site -- 6.4.1 Continuity and Phasing Checks -- 6.4.2 DC Contact Resistance of Cable Phase Conductors -- 6.4.3 DC Insulation Sheath Test -- 6.4.4 Cable Insulation Resistance Test -- 6.4.5 Cable Capacitance Test -- 6.4.6 Verification of Cross Bonding Test of Metallic Sheath of Cable -- 6.4.7 Measurements of Cable Positive Sequence Impedance -- 6.4.8 Measurements of Cable Zero Sequence Impedance -- 6.4.9 Sheath Voltage Limit Test.6.4.10 High-Voltage Resonant AC Test for 132kV Cables and Above -- 6.5 High Voltage DC Power Systems Transmission -- 6.5.1 Introduction -- 6.5.2 Construction of DC Transmission -- 6.5.2.1 Monopolar links -- 6.5.2.2 Bipolar links -- 6.5.2.3 Homopolar links -- 6.5.3 DC Transmission Components -- 6.5.4 High-Voltage DC Protection System -- 7 Circuit Breakers Theory Testing and Commissioning -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Principle of Arc Interruption -- 7.3 Circuit Breaker Types Based on Insulating Medium -- 7.3.1 Air Circuit Breaker -- 7.3.2 Oil Circuit Breaker -- 7.3.3 Vacuum Circuit Breaker -- 7.3.4 SF6 Circuit Breaker -- 7.3.4.1 Properties of SF6 Gas -- 7.3.4.2 Contaminants -- 7.3.4.3 Related Standards -- 7.3.4.4 Precautions -- 7.3.4.5 Testing for Contamination -- 7.4 Circuit Breaker Operating Mechanism -- 7.5 Circuit Breaker Controls -- 7.5.1 Electrical Control -- 7.6 Circuit Breaker Testing -- 7.6.1 Contact Resistance Testing -- 7.6.2 Insulation Resistance Testing -- 7.6.3 High-Voltage Test -- 7.6.4 Circuit Breaker Timing Test -- 7.6.5 Reduced Voltage Test -- 8 Air Insulated System Substations Theory and Testing -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Testing of the AIS-Components -- 9 Surge Arresters Theory Testing and Commissioning -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Testing of Surge Arresters -- 10 Traditional and Electronic Current Transformers Theory Testing and Commissioning -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Current Transformer Equivalent Circuit -- 10.3 Current Transformer Magnetization Curve -- 10.4 Current Transformer Accuracy Classes -- 10.4.1 Metering Current Transformer Accuracy Classes -- 10.4.2 Protection Current Transformer Accuracy Classes -- 10.4.3 Current Transformer Open Circuited Secondary Winding -- 10.5 Types of Current Transformers -- 10.5.1 Wound Primary Type Current Transformer -- 10.5.2 Bar Primary Type Current Transformer (Resin-Embedded).10.5.3 Bushing-Type Current Transformers -- 10.5.4 Air-Gapped Current Transformers -- 10.5.5 Transient Performance Current Transformers -- 10.5.5.1 TPY Class -- 10.5.5.2 TPZ Class -- TPS Class -- TPX Class -- TPY Class -- TPZ Class -- 10.5.6 Linear Coupler Current Transformers -- 10.6 Current Transformers Connections -- 10.7 Current Transformer Knee Point -- 10.8 Optical Current and Voltage Transformer -- 10.8.1 Advantages of Optical Instruments -- 10.9 Current Transformer Commissioning Testing -- 10.9.1 Visual Checks -- 10.9.2 Commissioning Electrical Tests -- 10.9.2.1 Insulation Resistance Test -- 10.9.2.2 Winding Resistance Test -- 10.9.2.3 Polarity Test -- 10.9.2.4 Ratio Test by Primary Injection -- 10.9.2.5 Magnetizing Current Test -- 10.9.2.6 Loop Resistance Burden Test -- 10.9.2.7 Continuity of Secondary Circuits -- 10.9.2.8 High Voltage Test -- 10.9.2.9 Demagnetizing the CT Cores -- 11 Voltage Transformers -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Principle of Operation of Electromagnetic Voltage Transformers -- 11.3 Principle of Operation of Capacitive Voltage Transformers -- 11.4 Burdens and Accuracy Classes -- 11.5 Types and Three-Phase Connections of Voltage Transformers -- 11.6 Optical Current and Voltage Transformers -- 11.6.1 Advantages of Optical Instruments -- 11.7 Voltage Transformer Testing -- 11.7.1 Visual Check -- 11.7.2 Insulation Resistance Test -- 11.7.3 Polarity (Flick) Test -- 11.7.4 Voltage Transformer Ratio Test -- 11.7.5 Winding Resistance Test -- 11.7.6 Loop Resistance Burden Test -- 12 Disconnecting Switches and Earthing Switches Theory Testing and Commissioning -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.1.1 Load Break Switches -- 12.1.2 High-Speed Earthing Switches -- 12.2 Disconnect Switches/Earth (Grounding) Switches Tests -- 13 Fault Recorders in Substations and Power Stations -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Fault Recorder Testing.14 Gas Insulated System Substations.Omar Salah Atwa.Protective relays.Electric generatorsProtection.Electric power systemsProtection.TK2861 .A893 2019621.317621.319780128173121012817312297801281685850128168587rdaMiAaPQ19052720240509041011.0almahu_9949985076902882Converted from MARCXML to MODS version 3.6 using MARC21slim2MODS3-6.xsl (Revision 1.119 2018/06/21)eng info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.5 xml 9Wang, Weiyong,author.Kodur, Venkatesh,author.texttextbookenkLondon, England :Academic Press,2020.20201st ed.single uniteng

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Material Properties of Steel Fire Conditions is a major new contribution on how to understand the material properties of steel in fires.The application of new types of steel and development of sophisticated codes of practice has grown dramatically in recent years, making this a timely resource on the topic.Front Cover -- MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL IN FIRE CONDITIONS -- MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL IN FIRE CONDITIONS -- Copyright -- Contents -- Author profiles -- Preface -- ABOUT THE BOOK -- CONTENTS AND COVERAGE -- TARGET AUDIENCE -- Acknowledgments -- List of symbols -- 1 - Introduction -- 1.1 Initial consideration -- 1.2 High strength steel -- 1.3 Applications of high strength steel in building structures -- 1.4 Fire hazard and effect of fire on steel structures -- 1.5 State of the art -- 1.5.1 Mechanical properties of high strength steel at elevated temperatures -- 1.5.2 Mechanical properties of high strength steel after fire exposure -- 1.5.3 Creep strain of high strength steel at elevated temperatures -- 1.5.4 Fire resistance investigation on high strength steel structures -- 1.6 Test methods -- 1.6.1 Thermal properties tests -- 1.6.1.1 Thermal conductivity -- 1.6.1.2 Specific heat -- 1.6.2 Tensile strength test at elevated temperature -- 1.6.2.1 Brief introduction on tensile testing -- 1.6.2.2 Tensile test at elevated temperature -- 1.6.3 Creep test at elevated temperature -- 1.6.3.1 Creep phenomenon -- 1.6.3.2 Creep test at elevated temperature -- 1.7 Book scope -- References -- 2 - Thermal properties of steel at elevated temperature -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Thermal properties of high strength bolt steel -- 2.2.1 Test procedures -- 2.2.2 Test results -- 2.2.3 Comparison of measured properties with published data -- 2.2.4 High-temperature property relations -- 2.3 Thermal expansion of mild steel -- 2.4 Specific heat of mild steel -- 2.5 Thermal conductivity of mild steel -- 2.6 Density -- References -- 3 - Tensile test on steels at elevated temperatures -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Mechanical properties of high strength Q460 steel -- 3.2.1 Test setup -- 3.2.2 Test specimen -- 3.2.3 Test procedure -- 3.2.4 Test results.3.2.4.1 Yield strength and ultimate strength -- 3.2.4.2 Elastic modulus -- 3.2.5 Prediction equations -- 3.3 Mechanical properties of high strength Q690 steel -- 3.3.1 Test setup -- 3.3.2 Test specimen -- 3.3.3 Test procedures -- 3.3.4 Test results -- 3.3.4.1 Stress-strain curves at elevated temperatures -- 3.3.4.2 Yield stress -- 3.3.4.3 Ultimate stress -- 3.3.4.4 Elastic modulus -- 3.3.4.5 Specimen failure -- 3.3.5 Proposed stress-strain curves -- 3.3.6 Prediction equations -- 3.4 Mechanical properties of high strength S460 steel -- 3.4.1 Test device -- 3.4.2 Test material and specimen -- 3.4.3 Test method -- 3.4.4 Test procedure -- 3.4.5 Experimental results -- 3.5 Mechanical properties of high strength S690 steel -- 3.5.1 Test device -- 3.5.2 Test material and specimen -- 3.5.3 Test method -- 3.5.4 Test results -- 3.5.5 Comparison and analysis -- 3.6 Mechanical properties of high strength S960 steel -- 3.6.1 Test material -- 3.6.2 Test results -- 3.6.2.1 Stress-strain curves -- 3.6.2.2 Failure mode -- 3.6.2.3 Elastic modulus -- 3.6.2.4 Yield strength -- 3.6.2.5 Ultimate strength -- 3.6.3 Predictive equations -- 3.6.3.1 Elastic modulus -- 3.6.3.2 Yield strength -- 3.6.3.3 Ultimate strength -- 3.7 Mechanical properties of BISPLATE 80 steel -- 3.7.1 Experimental investigation -- 3.7.1.1 Testing device -- 3.7.1.2 Test specimen -- 3.7.2 Testing procedure -- 3.7.2.1 Steady-state test -- 3.7.2.2 Transient-state test -- 3.7.3 Thermal elongation in transient-state test -- 3.7.4 Determination of strength and elastic modulus -- 3.7.4.1 Elastic modulus -- 3.7.4.2 Ultimate strength -- 3.8 Mechanical properties of high strength A572 steel -- 3.8.1 Test equipment -- 3.8.2 Test procedure -- 3.8.3 Tensile strength at elevated temperatures -- 3.8.4 Proposed reduction factors for strength and elastic modulus.3.9 Mechanical properties of high strength steel RQT-S690 -- 3.9.1 The test device -- 3.9.2 Tested materials and specimen -- 3.9.3 The test methods -- 3.9.4 Test results -- 3.9.4.1 General descriptions -- 3.9.4.2 Determination of characteristic strength and elastic modulus -- 3.9.4.3 Strengths -- 3.9.4.4 Elastic modulus -- References -- 4 - Residual mechanical properties of steels after fire exposure -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Residual properties of hot-rolled Q420 steel -- 4.2.1 Specimen details -- 4.2.2 Test equipment and procedure -- 4.2.3 Failure modes -- 4.2.4 Stress-strain relationships -- 4.2.5 Elastic modulus -- 4.2.6 Yield stress -- 4.2.7 Tensile strength -- 4.2.8 Ductility -- 4.3 Residual properties of high strength Q460 steel -- 4.3.1 Experimental program -- 4.3.1.1 Test specimen -- 4.3.1.2 Test setup -- 4.3.1.3 Heating and cooling procedures -- 4.3.2 Test results -- 4.3.2.1 Visual observation -- 4.3.2.2 Stress-strain curves -- 4.3.2.3 Residual yield strength -- 4.3.2.4 Residual ultimate strength -- 4.3.2.5 Elastic modulus -- 4.3.2.6 Ultimate elongation -- 4.3.3 Proposed equations -- 4.3.3.1 Yield strength -- 4.3.3.2 Ultimate strength -- 4.3.3.3 Elastic modulus -- 4.3.3.4 Ultimate elongation -- 4.4 Residual properties of high strength Q690 steel -- 4.4.1 Specimen details -- 4.4.2 Heating and cooling -- 4.4.3 Tension setup and procedures -- 4.4.4 Test results -- 4.4.4.1 Temperature evolution -- 4.4.4.2 Color spectrum and failure mode -- 4.4.4.3 Stress-strain relationships -- 4.4.4.4 Yield and tension strength -- 4.4.4.5 Elastic modulus -- 4.4.4.6 Ratio of ultimate elongation -- 4.4.5 Proposed prediction equations -- 4.4.5.1 Yield strength -- 4.4.5.2 Tension strength -- 4.4.5.3 Elastic modulus -- 4.4.5.4 Ultimate elongation -- 4.5 Residual properties of high strength S460 steel -- 4.5.1 Experimental investigation.4.5.1.1 Test material and specimen -- 4.5.1.2 Test equipment and procedure -- 4.5.2 Experimental results -- 4.5.2.1 Elastic modulus -- 4.5.2.2 Yield strength -- 4.5.2.3 Ultimate strength -- 4.5.2.4 Ductility -- 4.5.3 Predictive equations for residual properties -- 4.5.3.1 Elastic modulus -- 4.5.3.2 Yield strength -- 4.5.3.3 Ultimate strength -- 4.6 Residual properties of high strength S690 steel -- 4.6.1 Test material and specimen -- 4.6.2 Test equipment and procedure -- 4.6.3 Experimental results -- 4.6.3.1 Elastic modulus -- 4.6.3.2 Yield strength -- 4.6.3.3 Ultimate strength -- 4.6.3.4 Ductility -- 4.6.4 Predictive equations for residual properties -- 4.6.4.1 Elastic modulus -- 4.6.4.2 Yield strength -- 4.6.4.3 Ultimate strength -- 4.7 Residual properties of high strength S960 steel -- 4.7.1 Test specimen and equiment -- 4.7.2 Experimental results -- 4.7.2.1 Postfire stress-strain relationships -- 4.7.2.2 Elastic modulus -- 4.7.2.3 Yield strength -- 4.7.2.4 Ultimate strength -- 4.7.2.5 Failure mode -- 4.7.3 Predictive equations for residual properties -- 4.7.3.1 Elastic modulus -- 4.7.3.2 Yield strength -- 4.7.3.3 Ultimate strength -- 4.8 Residual properties of high strength A572 steel -- 4.8.1 Test equipment -- 4.8.2 Test procedure -- 4.8.3 Residual strength -- 4.8.4 Temperature-dependent mechanical properties of A572 steel -- 4.8.5 Proposed reduction factors for residual strength properties -- 4.9 Residual properties of high strength RQT-S690 high strength steel -- 4.9.1 The test device -- 4.9.2 Tested materials and specimens -- 4.9.3 Test results -- 4.9.3.1 General descriptions -- 4.9.3.2 Analysis of the deterioration of mechanical properties -- 4.9.3.3 The influence of repeated heating -- 4.9.4 Test specimens -- 4.9.5 Testing method -- 4.9.5.1 Heat-up tests -- 4.9.5.2 Cooling tests -- 4.9.6 Results and discussion.4.9.6.1 General descriptions -- 4.9.6.2 Stress-strain curves -- 4.9.6.3 Strength -- 4.9.6.4 Ductility -- 4.9.6.5 Comparison with grade 800 high strength steel -- 4.9.7 Predictive equations -- 4.10 Residual properties of GLG460, GLG550, GLG650, and GLG835 steel -- 4.10.1 Test material and specimens -- 4.10.2 Test equipment and procedure -- 4.10.3 Experimental results -- 4.10.3.1 Thermochromism of steel tie rods -- 4.10.3.2 Failure modes of test specimens -- 4.10.3.3 Stress-strain relationships -- 4.10.3.4 Elastic modulus -- 4.10.3.5 Yield strength -- 4.10.3.6 Ultimate strength -- 4.10.3.7 Ductility -- 4.10.3.8 Effects of cyclic heating and cooling -- 4.10.4 Predictive equations for the postfire residual mechanical properties -- 4.10.4.1 Residual elastic modulus -- 4.10.4.2 Residual yield strength -- 4.10.4.3 Residual ultimate strength -- References -- 5 - Creep behavior of steels at elevated temperatures -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Typical creep-time curve -- 5.3 Creep behavior of high strength Q460 steel -- 5.3.1 Test setup -- 5.3.2 Test specimens -- 5.3.3 Test procedure -- 5.3.4 Creep-time curves at various stress levels -- 5.3.5 Creep-time curves at various temperatures -- 5.3.6 Rupture of specimens -- 5.3.7 Proposed creep model -- 5.3.7.1 Fields and Fields model -- 5.3.7.2 ANSYS model -- 5.4 Creep behavior of high strength Q690 steel -- 5.4.1 Test setup -- 5.4.2 Test specimens -- 5.4.3 Test procedures -- 5.4.4 Test results -- 5.4.5 Comparison with other steels -- 5.4.6 Creep model -- 5.5 Creep behavior of ASTM A572 steel -- 5.5.1 Test specimens -- 5.5.2 Test setup -- 5.5.3 Test procedure -- 5.5.4 Room temperature stress-strain response -- 5.5.5 Creep response at elevated temperatures -- 5.5.6 Creep response at various stress levels -- 5.5.7 Design recommendations -- 5.6 Creep buckling of high strength Q460 steel columns.5.6.1 Specimen preparation.Weiyong Wang and Venkatesh Kodur.Fire resistant materials.SteelThermal properties.Steel, Structural.Building, Fireproof.TH1065 .W364 2020eb620.11217620.171797801281330330128133031978012813302601281330231127927981rdaMiAaPQ19120920250416110502.0almatuudk_9923224664902884Converted from MARCXML to MODS version 3.6 using MARC21slim2MODS3-6.xsl (Revision 1.119 2018/06/21)eng info:srw/schema/1/mods-v3.5 xml 10Wang, Weiyong,author.Kodur, Venkatesh,author.texttextbookenkLondon, England :Academic Press,2020.2020single uniteng

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Front Cover -- MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL IN FIRE CONDITIONS -- MATERIAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL IN FIRE CONDITIONS -- Copyright -- Contents -- Author profiles -- Preface -- ABOUT THE BOOK -- CONTENTS AND COVERAGE -- TARGET AUDIENCE -- Acknowledgments -- List of symbols -- 1 - Introduction -- 1.1 Initial consideration -- 1.2 High strength steel -- 1.3 Applications of high strength steel in building structures -- 1.4 Fire hazard and effect of fire on steel structures -- 1.5 State of the art -- 1.5.1 Mechanical properties of high strength steel at elevated temperatures -- 1.5.2 Mechanical properties of high strength steel after fire exposure -- 1.5.3 Creep strain of high strength steel at elevated temperatures -- 1.5.4 Fire resistance investigation on high strength steel structures -- 1.6 Test methods -- 1.6.1 Thermal properties tests -- 1.6.1.1 Thermal conductivity -- 1.6.1.2 Specific heat -- 1.6.2 Tensile strength test at elevated temperature -- 1.6.2.1 Brief introduction on tensile testing -- 1.6.2.2 Tensile test at elevated temperature -- 1.6.3 Creep test at elevated temperature -- 1.6.3.1 Creep phenomenon -- 1.6.3.2 Creep test at elevated temperature -- 1.7 Book scope -- References -- 2 - Thermal properties of steel at elevated temperature -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Thermal properties of high strength bolt steel -- 2.2.1 Test procedures -- 2.2.2 Test results -- 2.2.3 Comparison of measured properties with published data -- 2.2.4 High-temperature property relations -- 2.3 Thermal expansion of mild steel -- 2.4 Specific heat of mild steel -- 2.5 Thermal conductivity of mild steel -- 2.6 Density -- References -- 3 - Tensile test on steels at elevated temperatures -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Mechanical properties of high strength Q460 steel -- 3.2.1 Test setup -- 3.2.2 Test specimen -- 3.2.3 Test procedure -- 3.2.4 Test results.3.2.4.1 Yield strength and ultimate strength -- 3.2.4.2 Elastic modulus -- 3.2.5 Prediction equations -- 3.3 Mechanical properties of high strength Q690 steel -- 3.3.1 Test setup -- 3.3.2 Test specimen -- 3.3.3 Test procedures -- 3.3.4 Test results -- 3.3.4.1 Stress-strain curves at elevated temperatures -- 3.3.4.2 Yield stress -- 3.3.4.3 Ultimate stress -- 3.3.4.4 Elastic modulus -- 3.3.4.5 Specimen failure -- 3.3.5 Proposed stress-strain curves -- 3.3.6 Prediction equations -- 3.4 Mechanical properties of high strength S460 steel -- 3.4.1 Test device -- 3.4.2 Test material and specimen -- 3.4.3 Test method -- 3.4.4 Test procedure -- 3.4.5 Experimental results -- 3.5 Mechanical properties of high strength S690 steel -- 3.5.1 Test device -- 3.5.2 Test material and specimen -- 3.5.3 Test method -- 3.5.4 Test results -- 3.5.5 Comparison and analysis -- 3.6 Mechanical properties of high strength S960 steel -- 3.6.1 Test material -- 3.6.2 Test results -- 3.6.2.1 Stress-strain curves -- 3.6.2.2 Failure mode -- 3.6.2.3 Elastic modulus -- 3.6.2.4 Yield strength -- 3.6.2.5 Ultimate strength -- 3.6.3 Predictive equations -- 3.6.3.1 Elastic modulus -- 3.6.3.2 Yield strength -- 3.6.3.3 Ultimate strength -- 3.7 Mechanical properties of BISPLATE 80 steel -- 3.7.1 Experimental investigation -- 3.7.1.1 Testing device -- 3.7.1.2 Test specimen -- 3.7.2 Testing procedure -- 3.7.2.1 Steady-state test -- 3.7.2.2 Transient-state test -- 3.7.3 Thermal elongation in transient-state test -- 3.7.4 Determination of strength and elastic modulus -- 3.7.4.1 Elastic modulus -- 3.7.4.2 Ultimate strength -- 3.8 Mechanical properties of high strength A572 steel -- 3.8.1 Test equipment -- 3.8.2 Test procedure -- 3.8.3 Tensile strength at elevated temperatures -- 3.8.4 Proposed reduction factors for strength and elastic modulus.3.9 Mechanical properties of high strength steel RQT-S690 -- 3.9.1 The test device -- 3.9.2 Tested materials and specimen -- 3.9.3 The test methods -- 3.9.4 Test results -- 3.9.4.1 General descriptions -- 3.9.4.2 Determination of characteristic strength and elastic modulus -- 3.9.4.3 Strengths -- 3.9.4.4 Elastic modulus -- References -- 4 - Residual mechanical properties of steels after fire exposure -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Residual properties of hot-rolled Q420 steel -- 4.2.1 Specimen details -- 4.2.2 Test equipment and procedure -- 4.2.3 Failure modes -- 4.2.4 Stress-strain relationships -- 4.2.5 Elastic modulus -- 4.2.6 Yield stress -- 4.2.7 Tensile strength -- 4.2.8 Ductility -- 4.3 Residual properties of high strength Q460 steel -- 4.3.1 Experimental program -- 4.3.1.1 Test specimen -- 4.3.1.2 Test setup -- 4.3.1.3 Heating and cooling procedures -- 4.3.2 Test results -- 4.3.2.1 Visual observation -- 4.3.2.2 Stress-strain curves -- 4.3.2.3 Residual yield strength -- 4.3.2.4 Residual ultimate strength -- 4.3.2.5 Elastic modulus -- 4.3.2.6 Ultimate elongation -- 4.3.3 Proposed equations -- 4.3.3.1 Yield strength -- 4.3.3.2 Ultimate strength -- 4.3.3.3 Elastic modulus -- 4.3.3.4 Ultimate elongation -- 4.4 Residual properties of high strength Q690 steel -- 4.4.1 Specimen details -- 4.4.2 Heating and cooling -- 4.4.3 Tension setup and procedures -- 4.4.4 Test results -- 4.4.4.1 Temperature evolution -- 4.4.4.2 Color spectrum and failure mode -- 4.4.4.3 Stress-strain relationships -- 4.4.4.4 Yield and tension strength -- 4.4.4.5 Elastic modulus -- 4.4.4.6 Ratio of ultimate elongation -- 4.4.5 Proposed prediction equations -- 4.4.5.1 Yield strength -- 4.4.5.2 Tension strength -- 4.4.5.3 Elastic modulus -- 4.4.5.4 Ultimate elongation -- 4.5 Residual properties of high strength S460 steel -- 4.5.1 Experimental investigation.4.5.1.1 Test material and specimen -- 4.5.1.2 Test equipment and procedure -- 4.5.2 Experimental results -- 4.5.2.1 Elastic modulus -- 4.5.2.2 Yield strength -- 4.5.2.3 Ultimate strength -- 4.5.2.4 Ductility -- 4.5.3 Predictive equations for residual properties -- 4.5.3.1 Elastic modulus -- 4.5.3.2 Yield strength -- 4.5.3.3 Ultimate strength -- 4.6 Residual properties of high strength S690 steel -- 4.6.1 Test material and specimen -- 4.6.2 Test equipment and procedure -- 4.6.3 Experimental results -- 4.6.3.1 Elastic modulus -- 4.6.3.2 Yield strength -- 4.6.3.3 Ultimate strength -- 4.6.3.4 Ductility -- 4.6.4 Predictive equations for residual properties -- 4.6.4.1 Elastic modulus -- 4.6.4.2 Yield strength -- 4.6.4.3 Ultimate strength -- 4.7 Residual properties of high strength S960 steel -- 4.7.1 Test specimen and equiment -- 4.7.2 Experimental results -- 4.7.2.1 Postfire stress-strain relationships -- 4.7.2.2 Elastic modulus -- 4.7.2.3 Yield strength -- 4.7.2.4 Ultimate strength -- 4.7.2.5 Failure mode -- 4.7.3 Predictive equations for residual properties -- 4.7.3.1 Elastic modulus -- 4.7.3.2 Yield strength -- 4.7.3.3 Ultimate strength -- 4.8 Residual properties of high strength A572 steel -- 4.8.1 Test equipment -- 4.8.2 Test procedure -- 4.8.3 Residual strength -- 4.8.4 Temperature-dependent mechanical properties of A572 steel -- 4.8.5 Proposed reduction factors for residual strength properties -- 4.9 Residual properties of high strength RQT-S690 high strength steel -- 4.9.1 The test device -- 4.9.2 Tested materials and specimens -- 4.9.3 Test results -- 4.9.3.1 General descriptions -- 4.9.3.2 Analysis of the deterioration of mechanical properties -- 4.9.3.3 The influence of repeated heating -- 4.9.4 Test specimens -- 4.9.5 Testing method -- 4.9.5.1 Heat-up tests -- 4.9.5.2 Cooling tests -- 4.9.6 Results and discussion.4.9.6.1 General descriptions -- 4.9.6.2 Stress-strain curves -- 4.9.6.3 Strength -- 4.9.6.4 Ductility -- 4.9.6.5 Comparison with grade 800 high strength steel -- 4.9.7 Predictive equations -- 4.10 Residual properties of GLG460, GLG550, GLG650, and GLG835 steel -- 4.10.1 Test material and specimens -- 4.10.2 Test equipment and procedure -- 4.10.3 Experimental results -- 4.10.3.1 Thermochromism of steel tie rods -- 4.10.3.2 Failure modes of test specimens -- 4.10.3.3 Stress-strain relationships -- 4.10.3.4 Elastic modulus -- 4.10.3.5 Yield strength -- 4.10.3.6 Ultimate strength -- 4.10.3.7 Ductility -- 4.10.3.8 Effects of cyclic heating and cooling -- 4.10.4 Predictive equations for the postfire residual mechanical properties -- 4.10.4.1 Residual elastic modulus -- 4.10.4.2 Residual yield strength -- 4.10.4.3 Residual ultimate strength -- References -- 5 - Creep behavior of steels at elevated temperatures -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Typical creep-time curve -- 5.3 Creep behavior of high strength Q460 steel -- 5.3.1 Test setup -- 5.3.2 Test specimens -- 5.3.3 Test procedure -- 5.3.4 Creep-time curves at various stress levels -- 5.3.5 Creep-time curves at various temperatures -- 5.3.6 Rupture of specimens -- 5.3.7 Proposed creep model -- 5.3.7.1 Fields and Fields model -- 5.3.7.2 ANSYS model -- 5.4 Creep behavior of high strength Q690 steel -- 5.4.1 Test setup -- 5.4.2 Test specimens -- 5.4.3 Test procedures -- 5.4.4 Test results -- 5.4.5 Comparison with other steels -- 5.4.6 Creep model -- 5.5 Creep behavior of ASTM A572 steel -- 5.5.1 Test specimens -- 5.5.2 Test setup -- 5.5.3 Test procedure -- 5.5.4 Room temperature stress-strain response -- 5.5.5 Creep response at elevated temperatures -- 5.5.6 Creep response at various stress levels -- 5.5.7 Design recommendations -- 5.6 Creep buckling of high strength Q460 steel columns.5.6.1 Specimen preparation.Weiyong Wang and Venkatesh Kodur.Fire resistant materials.SteelThermal properties.Steel, Structural.Building, Fireproof.TH1065 .W364 2020eb620.11217620.17170-12-813303-10-12-813302-3rdaMiAaPQ19120920240513004637.0edoccha_9960074557002883Converted from MARCXML to MODS version 3.6 using MARC21slim2MODS3-6.xsl (Revision 1.119 2018/06/21)eng